The percentage of hardwood concentration in raw pulp, the freeness, and the cooking time of the pulp are being investigated for their effects on the strength of paper. The data from a three-factor factorial experiment are shown in the following table.

(a) Analyze the data using the analysis of variance assuming that all factors are fixed. Use α = 0.05.

(b) Compute approximate P-values for the F-ratios in part (a).

(c) The residuals are found from e_ijkl = yÌ…_ijkl €“ yÌ…_ijk.. Graphically analyze the residuals from this experiment.

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Cooking Time 1.5 hours Cooking Time 2.0 hours Hardwood Concentration Freeness Freeness 350 500 650 350 500 650 96.6 97.7 99.4 98.4 99.6 100.6 10 96.0 96.0 99.8 98.6 100.4 100.9 98.5 96.0 98.4 97.5 98.7 99.6 15 97.2 96.9 97.6 98.1 96.0 99.0 98.5 97.5 95.6 97.4 97.6 97.0 99.8 20 96.6 96.2 98.1 98.4 97.8