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applied statistics and multivariate
Applied Statistics And Probability For Engineers 5th Edition Douglas C. Montgomery, George C. Runger - Solutions
Exercise 6-19 presented the joint temperatures of the O-rings (F) for each test firing or actual launch of the space shuttle rocket motor. In that exercise you were asked to find the sample mean and sample standard deviation of temperature. (a) Find the median and the upper and lower quartiles of
Exercise 6-18 presents drag coefficients for the NASA 0012 airfoil. You were asked to calculate the sample mean, sample variance, and sample standard deviation of those coefficients. (a) Find the median and the upper and lower quartiles of the drag coefficients. (b) Construct a box plot of the
The nine measurements that follow are furnace tem- peratures recorded on successive batches in a semiconductor manufacturing process (units are F): 953, 950, 948,955,951, 949,957,954,955. (a) Calculate the sample mean, sample variance, and standard deviation. (b) Find the median. How much could the
An article in Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (Vol. 34, 1956, pp. 280-293) reported data from an experiment investigating the effect of several process variables on the vapor phase oxidation of naphtha- lene. A sample of the percentage mole conversion of naphtha- lene to
The "cold start ignition time" of an automobile engine is being investigated by a gasoline manufacturer. The follow- ing times (in seconds) were obtained for a test vehicle: 1.75, 1.92, 2.62, 2.35, 3.09, 3.15, 2.53, 1.91.(a) Calculate the sample mean, sample variance, and sample standard deviation.
The Pareto Chart. An important variation of a his- togram for categorical data is the Pareto chart. This chart is widely used in quality improvement efforts, and the categories usually represent different types of defects, failure modes, or product/process problems. The categories are ordered so
Construct a histogram for the pinot noir wine rating data in Exercise 6-35.Comment on the shape of the histogram. Does it convey the same information as the stem-and-leaf display?
Construct a histogram for the semiconductor speed data in Exercise 6-34.Comment on the shape of the histogram. Does it convey the same information as the stem-and-leaf display?
Construct a histogram for the overall golf distance data in Exercise 6-33.Comment on the shape of the histogram. Does it convey the same information as the stem-and-leaf display?
Construct a histogram for the water quality data in Exercise 6-32.Comment on the shape of the histogram. Does it convey the same information as the stem-and-leaf display?
Construct a histogram for the spot weld shear strength data in Exercise 6-31.Comment on the shape of the his- togram. Does it convey the same information as the stem-and- leaf display?
Construct a histogram for the female student height data in Exercise 6.46.
Construct a histogram for the energy consumption data in Exercise 6.29.
Construct histograms with 8 and 16 bins for the data in Exercise 6-24.Compare the histograms. Do both his- tograms display similar information?
Construct histograms with 8 and 16 bins for the data in Exercise 6-23.Compare the histograms. Do both his- tograms display similar information?
Construct frequency distributions and histograms with 8 bins and 16 bins for the motor fuel octane data in Exercise 6.22. Compare the histograms. Do both histograms display similar information?
Construct a frequency distribution and histogram for the yield data in Exercise 6.25.
Construct a frequency distribution and histogram for the cotton content data in Exercise 6.24.
Construct a frequency distribution and histogram us- ing the failure data from Exercise 6.23.
Construct a frequency distribution and histogram for the motor fuel octane data from Exercise 6-22.Use eight bins.
The net energy consumption (in billions of kilowatt- hours) for countries in Asia in 2003 was as follows (source: U.S. Department of Energy Web site, http://www.cia.doc.gov/meu). Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram for these data and comment on any important features that you notice. Compute the
Calculate the sample median, mode, and mean for the data in Exercise 6-24.Explain how these three measures of location describe different features of the data.
Calculate the sample median, mode, and mean of the data in Exercise 6-23.Explain how these three measures of location describe different features in the data.
Calculate the sample median, mode, and mean of the data in Exercise 6-22.Explain how these three measures of location describe different features of the data.
The following data are the joint temperatures of the O-rings ("F) for each test firing or actual launch of the space shuttle rocket motor (from Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, Vol. 1, pp. 129-131) 84, 49, 61, 40, 83, 67, 45, 66, 70, 69, 80, 58, 68, 60, 67, 72, 73,
An article in the Journal of Aircraft (1988) described the computation of drag coefficients for the NASA 0012 airfoil. Different computational algorithms were used at M = 0.7 with the following results (drag coefficients are in units of drag counts; that is, one count is equivalent to a drag
The pH of a solution is measured eight times by one op- erator using the same instrument. She obtains the following data: 7.15, 7.20, 7.18.7.19, 7.21, 7.20, 7.16, and 7.18.Calculate the sample mean and sample standard deviation. Comment on potential major sources of variability in this experiment.
An article in the Journal of Physiology ["Response of Rat Muscle to Acute Resistance Exercise Defined by Transcriptional and Translational Profiling" (2002, Vol. 545.pp. 27-41)] studied gene expression as a function of resist ance exercise. Expression data (measures of gene activity) from one gene
Preventing fatigue crack propagation in aircraft struc- tures is an important element of aircraft safety. An engineering study to investigate fatigue crack in a 9 cyclically loaded wing boxes reported the following crack lengths (in mm): 2.13, 2.96, 3.02, 1.82, 1.15, 1.37, 2.04, 2.47.2.60.
The April 22, 1991, issue of Aviation Week and Space Technology reported that during Operation Desert Storm, US. Air Force F-117A pilots flew 1270 combat sorties for a total of 6905 hours. What is the mean duration of an F-117A mission during this operation? Why is the parameter you have calcu-
The following data are direct solar intensity measure- ments (watts/m) on different days at a location in southern Spain: 562,869, 708, 775,775, 704, 809, 856, 655, 806, 878, 909, 918, 558, 768, 870, 918, 940, 946, 661, 820, 898, 935, 952, 957, 693, 835, 905, 939, 955, 960, 498, 663, 730, and
Can the sample standard deviation be equal to zero? Give an example.
For any set of data values, is it possible for the sample standard deviation to be larger than the sample mean? Give an example.
Know how to use simple time series plots to visually display the important features of timeoriented data
Explain how to use box plots and other data displays to visually compare two or more samples of data
Construct and interpret normal probability plots
Explain the concept of random sampling
Construct and interpret visual data displays, including the stem-and-leaf display, the histogram, and the box plot
Explain the concepts of sample mean, sample variance, population mean, and population variance
Compute and interpret the sample mean, sample variance, sample standard deviation, sample median, and sample range
A marketing company performed a risk analysis for a manufacturer of synthetic fibers and concluded that new com- petitors present no risk 13% of the time (due mostly to the diversity of fibers manufactured), moderate risk 72% of the time (some overlapping of products), and very high risk (com
An order of 15 printers contains four with a graphics-enhancement feature, five with extra memory, and six with both features. Four printers are selected at random, without replacement, from this set. Let the random variables X, Y, and Z denote the number of printers in the sample with graphics
A small company is to decide what investments to use for cash generated from operations. Each investment has a mean and standard deviation associated with the percentage gain. The first security has a mean percentage gain of 5% with a standard deviation of 2%, and the second security provides the
The permeability of a membrane used as a moisture barrier in a biological application depends on the thickness of three integrated layers. Layers 1, 2, and 3 are normally dis- tributed with means of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 millimeters, respec- tively. The standard deviations of layer thickness are 0.1, 0.2
The permeability of a membrane used as a moisture barrier in a biological application depends on the thickness of two integrated layers. The layers are normally distributed with means of 0.5 and 1 millimeters, respectively. The standard deviations of layer thickness are 0.1 and 0.2 millimeters,
To evaluate the technical support from a computer manufacturer, the number of rings before a call is answered by a service representative is tracked. Historically, 70% of the calls are answered in two rings or less, 25% are answered in three or four rings, and the remaining calls require five rings
The backoff torque required to remove bolts in a steel plate is rated as high, moderate, or low. Historically, the prob ability of a high, moderate, or low rating is 0.6, 0.3, or 0.1, respectively. Suppose that 20 bolts are evaluated and that the torque ratings are independent. (a) What is the
The percentage of people given an antirheumatoid medication who suffer severe, moderate, or minor side effects are 10, 20, and 70%, respectively. Assume that people react independently and that 20 people are given the medication. Determine the following: (a) The probability that 2, 4, and 14 people
Show that the following function satisfies the proper- ties of a joint probability mass function: 0 f(x,y) 1/4 1/8 0 1/8 1 1/4 2 1/4 Determine the following: (a) P(X < 0.5, y < 1.5) (c) P(X 0.5, Y
The random variable X' has the probability distri- bution x(x)=0x54 Find the probability distribution of Y = (X-2). Supplemental Exercises
Suppose that X has the probability distribution 1x(x)=1. 15x2 Find the probability distribution of the random variable y=
The velocity of a particle in a gas is a random variable I'with probability distribution Jr(v) = are where b is a constant that depends on the temperature of the gas and the mass of the particle. (a) Find the value of the constant a (b) The kinetic energy of the particle is Wel/2. Find the
A random variable X has the following probability distribution: 1x(x)= x20 (a) Find the probability distribution for Y = x. (b) Find the probability distribution for Y (c) Find the probability distribution for Y In X
Suppose that Xhas a uniform probability distribution f(x)=1 0xsl Show that the probability distribution of the random variable y= -2 In X is chi-squared with two degrees of freedom.
Suppose that X is a continous random variable with probability distribution f(x)=0x6 (a) Find the probability distribution of the random variable y=2x+10. (b) Find the expected value of Y.
Let X be a binomial random variable with p = 0.25 and = 3.Find the probability distribution of the random variable Y=X
The photoresist thickness in semiconductor manufac turing has a mean of 10 micrometers and a standard deviation of I micrometer. Assume that the thickness is normally distributed and that the thicknesses of different wafers are independent. (a) Determine the probability that the average thickness
The width of a casing for a door is normally distrib- uted with a mean of 24 inches and a standard deviation of 1/8 inch. The width of a door is normally distributed with a mean of 23-7/8 inches and a standard deviation of 1/16 inch. Assume independence. (a) Determine the mean and standard
Making handcrafted pottery generally takes two major steps: wheel throwing and firing. The time of wheel throwing and the time of firing are normally distributed random variables with means of 40 min and 60 min and stan dard deviations of 2 min and 3 min, respectively. (a) What is the probability
If X and Y have a bivariate normal distribution with joint probability density f(x,y; Pop), show that the marginal probability distribution of X is normal with mean Hy and standard deviation of [Hint: Complete the square in the exponent and use the fact that the integral of a normal probability
Show that the probability density function f(x,y dsds, sp) of a bivariate normal distribution integrates to one. [Hiar: Complete the square in the exponent and use the fact that the integral of a normal probability density function for a single variable is 1.]
Suppose that X and Y have a bivariate normal distri- bution with joint probability density function f(x,y,p (a) Show that the conditional distribution of Y. given that X=x, is normal. (b) Determine E(YX = x). (c) Determine [|X = x}.
In an acid-base titration, a base or acid is gradually added to the other until they have completely neutralized each other. Let X and Y denote the milliliters of acid and base needed for equivalence, respectively. Assume X and Y have a bivariate normal distribution with a 5 ml.. y = 2 mL. x=120
Suppose X and Y have a bivariate normal distribution (c) p=-0.8 with a = 0.04,, = 0.08, Determine the following: (a) P(2.95 <
Four electronic ovens that were dropped during ship- ment are inspected and classified as containing either a major, a minor, or no defect. In the past, 60% of dropped ovens had a ma- jor defect, 30% had a minor defect, and 10% had no defect. Assume that the defects on the four ovens occur
A Web site uses ads to route visitors to one of four land- ing pages. The probabilities for each landing page are equal.. Consider 20 independent visitors and let the random variables W. X, Y, and Z denote the number of visitors routed to each page. Calculate the following: (a) P(W=5, X=5,Y=5,Z=5)
Based on the number of voids, a ferrite slab is classi- fied as either high, medium, or low. Historically, 5% of the slabs are classified as high, 85% as medium, and 10% as low. A sample of 20 slabs is selected for testing. Let X, Y, and Z denote the number of slabs that are independently
Test results from an electronic circuit board indicate that 50% of board failures are caused by assembly defects, 30% are due to electrical components, and 20% are due to me- chanical defects. Suppose that 10 boards fail independently. Let the random variables X, Y. and Z denote the number of
Determine the value for c and the covariance and cor- relation for the joint probability density function f(x,y) = exy over the range
For the Transaction Processing Performance Council's benchmark in Exercise 5-10, let X, Y, and Zdenote the average number of selects, updates, and inserts operations required for each type transaction, respectively. Calculate the following: (a) Covariance between X and Y(b) Correlation between X
Determine the covariance and correlation for X, and Xin the joint distribution of the multinomial random vari- ables X. X, and X, with p = p = p = , and n = 3.What can you conclude about the sign of the correlation between two random variables in a multinomial distribution?
Determine the covariance and correlation for the joint probability distribution shown in Fig. 5-10(a) and described in Example 5-10.
Determine the value for c and the covariance and correlation for the joint probability mass function fix(x, y) = c(x+y) for x 1,2,3 and y = 1,2,3.
Determine the covariance and correlation for the following joint probability distribution: -1 -0.5 0.5 3 -1 1 2 L(x,y) 1/8 1/4 1/2 1/8
Determine the covariance and correlation for the following joint probability distribution: 1 1 2 4 y 3 4 5 6 In(x,y) 1/8 1/4 1/2 1/8
A manufacturer of electroluminescent lamps knows that the amount of luminescent ink deposited on one of its products is normally distributed with a mean of 1.2 grams and a standard deviation of 0.03 gram. Any lamp with less than 1.14 grams of luminescent ink will fail to meet customers'
The weights of adobe bricks used for construction are normally distributed with a mean of 3 pounds and a standard deviation of 0.25 pound. Assume that the weights of the bricks are independent and that a random sample of 20 bricks is selected. (a) What is the probability that all the bricks in the
The yield in pounds from a day's production is normally distributed with a mean of 1500 pounds and standard deviation of 100 pounds. Assume that the yields on different days are independent random variables. (a) What is the probability that the production yield exceeds 1400 pounds on each of five
Suppose the random variables X, Y, and Z have the joint probability density function f(x, y, z) = 8xyz for 0 0.y>0, > 0, and x+y+
Two methods of measuring surface smoothness are used to evaluate a paper product. The measurements are recorded as deviations from the nominal surface smoothness in coded units. The joint probability distribution of the two measurements is a uniform distribution over the re- gion
The conditional probability distribution of Y given X = x is frix(y)=xe for y> 0, and the marginal probability distribution of X is a continuous uniform distribu- tion over 0 to 10.(a) Graph Determine: (y)=xe for y> 0 for several values of x (b) P(
Determine the value of e that makes the function f(x,y) = cry a joint probability density function over the range 0(c) P(Y3) (c) E(X) (g) (d) P(X
Determine the value of e that makes the function f(x, y) = c(x + y) a joint probability density function over the range 0 2X 1) (k) Conditional probability distribution of X given that Y 5 2
Determine the value of c such that the function f(x, y) = cxy for 0 18,1 <
In the transmission of digital information, the probability that a bit has high, moderate, or low distortion is 0.01, 0.04, and 0.95, respectively. Suppose that three bits are transmitted and that the amount of distortion of each bit is as- sumed to be independent. Let X and Y denote the number of
For the Transaction Processing Performance Council's benchmark in Exercise 5-10, let X, Y, and Z denote the average number of selects, updates, and inserts opera- tions required for each type of transaction, respectively. Calculate the following: (a) f(x,y) (b) Conditional probability mass function
An article in the Journal of Database Manage- ment ["Experimental Study of a Self-Tuning Algorithm for DBMS Buffer Pools" (2005, Vol. 16, pp. 1-20)] provided the workload used in the TPC-C OLTP (Transaction Processing Performance Council's Version C On-Line Transaction Processing) benchmark, which
An engineering statistics class has 40 students and 60% are electrical engineering majors, 10% are industrial engineering majors, and 30% are mechanical engineering majors. A sample of four students is selected randomly, with- out replacement, for a project team. Let X and Y denote the number of
Suppose the random variables X, Y, and Z have the following joint probability distribution. fx.=) 0.05 2 0.10 0.15 2 0.20 0.20 2 2 2 0.15 0.10 2 2 2 0.05 Determine the following: (a) P(X 2) (c) P(Z
Show that the following function satisfies the proper- ties of a joint probability mass function. y 1x(x-3) -2 1/8 -0.5 1/4 0.5 1 1/2 1 2 1/8 devices 1 and 2, respectively. Assume the devices are inde- pendent. Determine: (a) f(x,y) (b) fx(x) (c) E(X) (d) 12 (y) (e) E(YX=2) (f) (X=2) (g) Are X and
Show that the following function satisfies the proper. ties of a joint probability mass function. 1x(x-3) 1 1/4 1.5 2 1/8 1.5 3 1/4 2.5 4 1/4 3 5 1/8 Determine the following: (a) PX 2.5.Y
Determine the distribution of a general function of a random variable
Calculate means and variances for linear combinations of random variables and calculate probabilities for linear combinations of normally distributed random variables
Understand properties of a bivariate normal distribution and be able to draw contour plots for the probability density function
Use the multinomial distribution to determine probabilities
Interpret and calculate covariances and correlations between random variables
Calculate marginal and conditional probability distributions from joint probability distributions
Use joint probability mass functions and joint probability density functions to calculate probabilities
A process is said to be of six-sigma quality if the process mean is at least six standard deviations from the nearest specification. Assume a normally distributed measurement.(a) If a process mean is centered between upper and lower specifications at a distance of six standard deviations from each,
Lack of Memory Property. Show that for an exponential random variable X, PX 1) = P(X
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