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business
business statistics in practice
Business Statistics Plus Pearson Mylab Statistics With Pearson Etext 3rd Edition Norean R Sharpe ,Richard D De Veaux ,Paul Velleman - Solutions
=+a) Would Kendall’s t or Pearson correlation be the more appropriate summary? Explain.
=+29. The Home Depot. Here are data that relate Sales at The Home Depot and Housing Starts, for quarters during its period of rapid growth between 1995 and 2004.Quarterly Housing Starts (Thousands)300 350 400 450 500 550 20 15 10 5Quarterly Sales ($ Billion)
=+b) Based on that result, would you predict that salaries will continue to rise? Explain.
=+a) Kendall’s tau for these data is 0.887. What does that say about these data?
=+What are the outcomes?
=+28. Basebal salaries 2009. Baseball is big business, and the top salaries have become quite large. The highest salaries(in millions of dollars per season) for some notable players since 1980 are given in the following table:Player Year Salary ($M)Nolan Ryan 1980 1.0 George Foster 1982 2.0 Kirby
=+c) What about these data would make the nonparametric measures appropriate choices?
=+b) The value of Spearman’s rho is -0.804. What does this tell us about the association?
=+Recall Pat’s payoff table for purchasing an airplane ticket from the example on page 838.
=+a) The value of Kendall’s tau is -0.626. What does this tell us about the association?
=+ What is Pat’s minimax choice?
=+27. Crowdedness. In a Chance magazine article (Summer 2005), Danielle Vasilescu and Howard Wainer used data from the United Nations Center for Human Settlements to investigate aspects of living conditions for several countries. Among the variables they looked at were the country’s per capita
=+What is Pat’s minimin choice?
=+b) What aspect of these data may make the Kruskal-Wallace test more appropriate for these data than the ANOVA methods of Chapter 20?
=+What is the expected value of purchasing a Thursday ticket?
=+a) Use the Kruskal-Wallace test to judge whether there is a difference among the drugs.
=+26. Cholesterol. A pharmaceutical company tested three formulations of cholesterol-lowering drugs for patients with very high levels of cholesterol, to determine whether any differences exist in their efficiency. For the experiment, 30 volunteers were selected and 10 were randomly assigned to one
=+25. Cuckoos and quality control. Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other (host) birds. The eggs are then adopted and hatched by the host birds. But the potential host birds lay eggs of different sizes. Does the cuckoo change the size of her eggs for different foster species? The numbers in
=+23 also examined the number of people admitted to emergency rooms for vehicular accidents on 12 Friday evenings(6 each on the 6th and 13th).Year Month 6th 13th 1989 October 9 13 1990 July 6 12 1991 September 11 14 1991 December 11 10 1992 March 3 4 1992 November 5 12 Is Friday the 13th
=+24. Friday the 13th, accidents. The researchers in Exercise
=+23. Friday the 13th, traffic. In 1993 the British Medical Journal published an article titled, “Is Friday the 13th Bad for Your Health?” Researchers in Britain examined how Friday the 13th affects human behavior. One question was whether people tend to stay at home more on Friday the
=+22. Scan Errors. A company is considering buying a scanner. They would like to know whether Brand A, the more expensive scanner, is better than brand B. Eight documents were scanned by each of the two scanners and the number of errors made by each was recorded. The comparisons are shown in the
=+Use a Wilcoxon signed-rank test to see whether the ERP system seems to be effective.M22_SHAR8696_03_SE_C22.indd 831 14/07/14 7:36 AM 832 CHAPTER 22 Nonparametric Methods
=+21. ERP effectiveness. When implementing a packaged Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, many companies report that the module they first install is Financial Accounting. Among the measures used to gauge the effectiveness of their ERP system implementation is acceleration of the financial
=+Recall from the example on page 837 that Pat is purchasing an airplane ticket; the payoff table is in the example on page 838.
=+b) Test an appropriate hypothesis and state your conclusion.
=+a) Identify a nonparametric procedure you could use to assess if salary offers differ between men and women and check to see whether the conditions allow for the use of that procedure.
=+20. Salary offer. A study would like to determine whether gender affects salary offers for graduates majoring in finance. 10 pairs of graduates were randomly selected.Each pair consists of a male and female with almost identical GPAs. The salary offers are shown in the following table.Pair
=+b) Would you prefer the nonparametric test, or the paired t-test asked for in Chapter 13? Explain.
=+a) Use a Wilcoxon signed-rank test to test whether these students’ weights changed. State your hypotheses, check conditions, and complete the test (with technology).
=+19. Freshman 15. Cornell Professor of Nutrition David Levitsky recruited students from two large sections of an introductory health course to test the validity of the “Freshman 15” theory that students gain 15 pounds their first year. Although they were volunteers, they appeared to match
=+ What is Pat’s EVwPI?
=+Atlanta Braves 4.32 Toronto Blue Jays 4.42 San Diego Padres 4.02 Tampa Bay Rays 4.30(continued)M22_SHAR8696_03_SE_C22.indd 830 14/07/14 7:36 AM Exercises 831 National League Runs American League Runs Miami Marlins 3.76 Oakland Athletics 4.40 Pittsburgh Pirates 4.02 Seattle Mariners 3.82 Chicago
=+National League Runs American League Runs Colorado Rockies 4.68 Los Angles Angels 4.73 St. Louis Cardinals 4.72 Texas Rangers 4.99 San Francisco Giants 4.43 Detroit Tigers 4.48 Washington Nationals 4.51 Kanas City Royals 4.17 Milwaukee Brewers 4.79 New York Yankees 4.96 Arizona Diamondbacks 4.53
=+of new awards was begun again, were the trophies the same size? Compare the two groups with an appropriate nonparametric measure. Complete the test at a = 0.10.Award Year Size America’s Cup 1851 27 Kentucky Derby 1875 22 Wimbledon Men’s Singles 1887 18.5 Stanley Cup 1892 35.2 Davis Cup 1900
=+What is the EVPI?
=+17. Trophy sizes. The table gives the names, dates first awarded, and heights (inches) of major trophies and awards in sports and entertainment. The America’s Cup, awarded for sailing, claims to be the oldest such award. The first five were created in the 19th century (which ended in 1900, not
=+) Make histograms of each group. Discuss whether you would choose a nonparametric test for these data or a twosample t-test (as in Chapter 13).
=+Find the standard deviation of Pat’s outcome. What is the RRR of purchasing a Thursday ticket?
=+16. Foreclosure rates. Home foreclosures were up 47% in March 2008 compared to the previous year (realestate.msn.com; MSN Real Estate, April 2008). The data show home foreclosure rates (as % change from the previous year) for a sample of cities in two regions of the United States, the Northeast
=+d) Make histograms of each group. Discuss whether you would choose a nonparametric test for these data or a twosample t-test.
=+c) Complete the test and report your conclusion.
=+b) Check the conditions for a Wilcoxon rank-sum (or Mann-Whitney) test.
=+a) Write the null and alternative hypotheses.
=+15. Breakfast cereal. A scientist is claiming that people who eat high-fiber cereals for breakfast will consume fewer calories at lunch. A study recorded the number of calories consumed at lunch by two groups of people: consumers of high-fiber cereals and non-consumers of high-fiber
=+Do these results suggest that sales are better after the change in product placement? Test an appropriate hypothesis and state your conclusion. Be sure to check assumptions and conditions.
=+How sensitive is Pat’s decision?
=+other popular international products. She kept track of sales (number of containers sold per week) for six months after she made the change. The values are shown below, along with the sales numbers for the six months prior to making the change, in stem-and-leaf displays.After Change 3 2 3 9 4 23
=+ Suppose, for example, that the probability of a late exam were only 0.1. How would that change the expected values?
=+14. Product placement. The owner of a small organic food store was concerned about her sales of a specialty yogurt manufactured in Greece. As a result of increasing fuel costs, she recently had to increase its price. To help boost sales, she decided to place the product on a different shelf(near
=+b) How would you re-design this study? What nonparametric method would be appropriate then?New Activities Control 12 34 56 78 00 31 30 57 67 25 28 72 522238 43 32 11 33 23 47 66 9987
=+a) Do these results suggest that the new activities are better? Test an appropriate hypothesis with a Wilcoxon (or Mann-Whitney) rank-sum test and state your conclusion.
=+13. Product testing. A company is producing and marketing new reading activities for elementary school children that it believes will improve reading comprehension scores. A researcher randomly assigns third graders to an eight-week program in which some will use these activities and others will
=+e) A dog’s intelligence can be judged roughly by how many times a new command must be repeated until it is learned.A researcher trained several dogs of each of 4 different breeds, teaching them 3 new commands. Are the breeds equally “intelligent?”Chapter Exercises
=+12. For which one of the following situations would Spearman’s rho be appropriate?
=+1. Which of the given are Actions and which are States of Nature?
=+11. For which one of the following situations would Spearman’s rho be appropriate?
=+A researcher trained several dogs of each of 4 different breeds, teaching them 3 new commands. Are the breeds equally “intelligent?”Section 22.7
=+d) The Richter scale measures the damage potential of earthquakes. Some scientists think it is best used for judging the relative size of earthquakes and not their absolute size. Are earthquakes around the Pacific “ring of fire” rim stronger in general than those around the Atlantic? Compare
=+10. For which one of the following situations would Kendall’s tau be appropriate?
=+a) Whether the amount of rainfall this season is above or below 70 mm.
=+9. For which one of the following situations would Kendall’s tau be appropriate?
=+e) A dog’s intelligence can be judged roughly by how many times a new command must be repeated until it is learned.A researcher trained several dogs of each of 4 different breeds, teaching them 3 new commands. Are the breeds equally “intelligent?”Section 22.6
=+b) Whether an exam should be given before the spring break or after the spring break.
=+b) Each member of a group of professional chefs rates the quality of a basket of organic vegetables on a 5-point scale.The same chefs then rate the quality of a basket of nonorganic vegetables on the same scale. Are the organic veggies rated higher?
=+8. For which one of the following situations would a Wilcoxon signed-rank test be appropriate?
=+8. For the decision tree of Exercise 4,
=+7. For which one of the following situations would a Wilcoxon signed-rank test be appropriate?
=+e) A dog’s intelligence can be judged roughly by how many times a new command must be repeated until it is learned.A researcher trained several dogs of each of 4 different breeds, teaching them 3 new commands. Are the breeds equally “intelligent?”Section 22.4
=+d) The Richter scale measures the damage potential of earthquakes. Some scientists think it is best used for judging the relative size of earthquakes and not their absolute size. Are earthquakes around the Pacific “ring of fire” rim stronger in general than those around the Atlantic?
=+a) The Mohs scale rates the hardness of minerals. If one mineral can scratch another, it is judged to be harder. (Diamond, the hardest mineral, is a 10.) Is hardness related to the weight of a 1 * 1 * 1 cm cube of the mineral?
=+6. For which one of the following situations would a Kruskal-Wallace test be appropriate?
=+e) Estimating the association between the value of homes and their age in a community known to have a number of very expensive mansions.
=+d) Testing whether the distributions of the ratings of a new distance learning course were the same as rated (on the usual 5-point Likert scale) by Freshmen, Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors who had taken the course.
=+c) Judging whether the height of the water at high tide at a marina increases more or less consistently as the phase of the moon changes from new to full.
=+b) Comparing the sweetness of a diet drink (rated from 1 to
=+a) Comparing the ratings of a new product on a 5-point Likert scale by a panel of consumers to their ratings of a competitor’s product on the same scale.
=+5. For which one of the following situations would a Kruskal-Wallace test be appropriate?
=+e) A dog’s intelligence can be judged roughly by how many times a new command must be repeated until it is learned.A researcher trained several dogs of each of 4 different breeds, teaching them 3 new commands. Are the breeds equally “intelligent”?Exercises M22_SHAR8696_03_SE_C22.indd 827
=+d) The Richter scale measures the damage potential of earthquakes. Some scientists think it is best used for judging the relative size of earthquakes and not their absolute size. Are earthquakes around the Pacific “ring of fire”rim stronger in general than those around the Atlantic?Compare
=+c) During its initial release, is there an association between the number of downloads of a new smartphone game and the number of hours since it has been released?
=+b) Each member of a group of professional chefs rates the quality of a basket of organic vegetables on a 5-point scale. The same chefs then rate the quality of a basket of non-organic vegetables on the same scale. Are the organic veggies rated higher?
=+a) The Mohs scale rates the hardness of minerals. If one mineral can scratch another, it is judged to be harder.(Diamond, the hardest mineral, is a 10.) Is hardness related to the weight of a 1 * 1 * 1 cm cube of the mineral?
=+4. For which one of the following situations would a Wilcoxon rank-sum (or Mann-Whitney) test be appropriate?
=+e) Estimating the correlation between the price of a wine bottle and its age, knowing that some of them were bottled more than 50 years ago.
=+d) Estimating the correlation between the price of beach front homes and their age, in a neighbourhood known to have expensive homes.
=+c) Judging whether the local internet service slows down during the day or at night.
=+b) Comparing the taste of a new ice cream product (rated from 1 to 10) as judged by a panel of teenage tasters and a panel of adult tasters.
=+5-point Likert scale by a panel of students with their ratings of a competitor’s product on the same scale.
=+a) Comparing the ratings of a new telephone set on a
=+3. For which one of the following situations would a Wilcoxon rank-sum (or Mann-Whitney) test be appropriate?
=+c) The change in your pocket by year minted.Section 22.2
=+b) U.S. change by value: penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar, dollar.
=+a) U.S. change by size: dime, penny, nickel, quarter, half dollar, dollar.
=+2. Which of the following variables are ranks? For those that are not ranks, give the units.
=+c) Teachers’ ranking on their academic class of publications.
=+b) Drivers’ scores on the written part of a driving test.
=+a) Student ratings of an instructor on a 5 point Likert scale.
=+1. Which of the following variables are ranks? For those that are not ranks, give the units.
=+Do flexible schedules change the demand for resources?
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