Questions and Answers of Financial Reporting

Hikoi Ltd has recently undertaken a negotiations to acquire 70% of shares of Hapu Ltd.At the start of negotiations, Hikoi Ltd owned 30% of the shares of Hapu Ltd. The negotiations began on 1 January
Ataahua Ltd has acquired a major manufacturing division from Yemba Ltd. The accountant, Mr Zhen, has shown the board of directors of Ataahua Ltd the financial information regarding the acquisition.
What are the consolidated financial statements?
What is a group, a parent and a subsidiary?
How many parents can a group have?
Why do the regulators require the parent entity to prepare consolidated financial statements for a group?
What are the key elements of control over an investee?
What are the four characteristics of power according to AASB 10/IFRS 10?
What are ‘relevant’ activities related to the existence of power over an investee?
Give examples of the rights of an investor that determine the existence of power over the investee.
What is the link between voting rights, ownership interest (i.e. percentage of shares held by the investor in the investee) and control?
Give examples of factors to consider in determining the existence of power when the investor holds less than 50% of the voting shares of an investee.
What are substantive rights and protective rights?
What are variable returns?
What is an agent and a principal?
Describe the consolidation process.
Which entities are required to prepare consolidated financial statements and which entities are exempted?
What is an investment entity?
What needs to be disclosed according to AASB 12/IFRS 12 for each subsidiary where a non-controlling interest exists?
What needs to be disclosed according to AASB 12/IFRS 12 in relation to structured entities?
When does a parent need to prepare separate financial statements according to AASB 127/IAS 27?
What needs to be disclosed in the separate financial statements prepared by a parent according to AASB 127/IAS 27?
Briefly describe the consolidation process in the case of a parent that has a wholly owned subsidiary.
Explain the initial adjustments that may be required before undertaking the consolidation process.
Explain the adjustments that may be required as part of the consolidation process.
If the parent assesses that some of the subsidiary’s identifiable assets and liabilities are not recorded by the subsidiary at acquisition date, explain why adjustments to these assets and
Explain what the business combination valuation reserve is.
Explain the impact on the acquisition analysis of a previously held investment by the parent in the subsidiary.
If the subsidiary has recorded goodwill in its records at acquisition date, how does this affect the acquisition analysis, the business combination valuation entries and the pre-acquisition entries?
Explain why and how the business combination valuation entries for inventories will be adjusted in subsequent periods after the acquisition date.
Explain why and how the business combination valuation entries for non-current assets will be adjusted in subsequent periods after the acquisition date.
Explain why and how the business combination valuation entries for liabilities will be adjusted in subsequent periods after the acquisition date.
Explain why and how the pre-acquisition entries will be adjusted in subsequent periods after the acquisition date.
Using an example, explain how the business combination entries affect the preacquisition entries, both at acquisition date and in the subsequent periods.
Explain the choices that may be available to revalue the identifiable assets recorded by the subsidiary at carrying amounts different from fair value at the acquisition date
At acquisition date, the subsidiary may have the choice to revalue or not in its own accounts the identifiable assets previously recorded at carrying amounts different from fair value. Discuss how
Tiwi Ltd has acquired all the shares of Boon Ltd. The accountant for Tiwi Ltd, Ms Gupta, having studied the requirements of AASB 3/IFRS 3 Business Combinations, realises that all the identifiable
The accountant for Birrarung Ltd, Ms Wei, has sought your advice on an accounting issue that has been puzzling her. When preparing the acquisition analysis relating to Birrarung Ltd’s acquisition
Wiradjuri Ltd is a Queensland software developer that specialises in software that controls mining operations. To exploit opportunities in the US market, Wiradjuri Ltd has established a foreign
Dharug Ltd is an Australian company with two foreign operations, one in Indonesia and the other in South Korea. The Indonesian operation has as its major activity the distribution in Indonesia of
Explain the financial reporting issue that arises when a company enters into foreign currency transactions. Provide examples of various foreign currency transactions and indicate whether each
Explain how the items that arise from foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency on initial recognition in the accounting records.
Describe how the transaction date is determined for the purpose of initially recognising items arising from foreign currency transactions.
Provide an overview of the accounting requirements of AASB 121/IAS 21 in relation to foreign currency transactions and exchange differences.
Describe how monetary items designated in a foreign currency are subsequently remeasured under AASB 121/IAS 21? At what dates does the remeasurement occur?
Describe the conditions under which non-monetary items designated in a foreign currency are subsequently remeasured under AASB 121/IAS 21?
Explain what is meant by the term ‘qualifying asset’ in the context of foreign currency transactions. Describe the accounting treatment for exchange differences that relate to qualifying assets.
Describe the accounting treatment for exchange differences that relate to revalued assets.
How can forward exchange contracts be used to manage foreign exchange risk?
Describe the accounting treatment for a forward exchange contract where there is no hedging relationship.
Explain how the fair value of a forward contract is measured at inception date, at the end of the reporting period and at settlement date.
Distinguish between a fair value hedge and a cash flow hedge that uses a forward exchange contract as the hedging instrument. Describe the accounting treatment of any gains or losses on a forward
Describe the disclosures relating to foreign currency transactions required in the financial report.
You are the technical accounting consultant of a professional accounting firm. One of your clients is an Australian travel company that arranges package tours to overseas destinations. The client
Koala Ltd is an Australian company that receives management consulting services from Spin Incorporated. On 15 June 2023, Koala Ltd received an invoice from Spin Incorporated amounting to US$$4$
Mara Ltd is an Australian company. The functional currency of Mara Ltd is A$. It has reporting periods ending on 31 December and 30 June. During the year ended 30 June 2024, Mara Ltd entered into
You are the financial controller of Waru Ltd, an Australian company listed on the ASX that distributes imported food products in the local market. The functional currency of Waru Ltd is A$$.$ Waru
You are the financial controller of Garla Ltd, an Australian company listed on the ASX that sells premium Australian wines into overseas markets. Garla’s sales of inventories in foreign currency
On 1 July 2023, Yananga Ltd, an Australian company that has A$ as its functional currency, enters a loan agreement with a lender in Hong Kong to borrow HK$$700$ 000 and uses the funds to
On 1 January 2023, Bunji Ltd, an Australian company that has A$ as its functional currency, enters into a forward exchange contract to sell €300 000 on 31 August 2023. The forward contract is
You are the finance director of the Australian listed company, Yidaki Ltd that has A$ as the functional currency. Yidaki Ltd purchases goods from Hong Kong and has borrowings from a US bank. The
Why are financial statements translated from one currency to another?
Discuss the primary economic indicators used to determine the functional currency of an entity?
Discuss the financing indicators used to determine the functional currency of an entity?
Discuss the activity indicators used to determine the functional currency of an entity?
What are the two possible translation processes that may be necessary to translate a foreign operation’s financial statements?
Why does an exchange difference arise and how it is recognised under the temporal method of translation used to translate financial statements of foreign operations?
What is meant by ‘presentation currency’?
Discuss the disclosures required by AASB 121/IAS 21 with regards to exchange differences, functional currency and the currency used by an entity to present its financial information.
Related party transactions are an every-day occurrence. What is so special about them that standard setters formulate rules for the disclosure?
Laura states "Our company's transactions with related parties are all at arm's length prices, so I do not see why we need to have related party disclosures".
Why is a company controlled by a person who is a key management personnel considered a related party?
Choose the most recent annual report of two Australian or New Zealand publicly listed companies (other than Woolworths Group Ltd). Locate the remuneration report and the financial statement notes
A partner in your firm has just been offered an appointed to the board of a public listed company that is significantly owned by an overseas shareholder. She has asked you to write her some notes
Elaine Chan is a newly appointed director of Elite Sports Ltd, a listed company that organises major sporting events. Elaine has provided consultancy services to Elite Sports Ltd for the past 3
The Golden Pairs Company operates a pension scheme that offers defined benefit pensions for the benefit of the company’s employees and their spouses. At the end of the reporting period, the present
Hasan holds 100% of the shares in Behmoth Ltd and he is also a director of Lion Ltd. All of the shares in Lion Ltd are held by Singa Ltd.Required Determine the related party relationships for each
Consider the following corporate structure diagram and the additional information which follows.The entities engaged in the following financial transactions during the period under consideration:•
Which of the following is a related party transaction and, under AASB 124/IAS 24, requires disclosure in the annual financial statements?(a) A performance-related amount paid to the directors of the
Explain, with reasons, whether or not each of the following is a disclosable related party transaction of Alpha Ltd under NZ IAS 24:• Alpha Limited stores inventory in a warehouse that is leased
During the period ended 30 June 2023, Ru Li, an employee of Westshore Company, purchased goods from the company on normal commercial terms and conditions. Li receives remuneration consisting of cash
Wilderness Windfarms is a government organisation which directly controls another entity — Steam Energy Ltd. Through this investment it indirectly controls Blades Construction Ltd and Zepher Farms
Explain the meaning of sustainability reporting.
What reasons might an entity provide for adopting ESG practices?
Identify what information entities are likely to provide if they adopt ESG reporting.
Explain the difference between ESG reporting and traditional financial reporting.
What benefits should entities expect from preparing sustainability reports?
What is the TCFD, and what is its purpose?
Identify four corporate stakeholders and explain how they affect a business’s operations.
Identify why you would expect the finance sector — and investment funds in particular — to have an interest in climate change.
Identify how ethical investment can affect corporate decision making regarding sustainable business operations.
Explain why governance reporting regulations and principles were introduced.
Explain what governance reporting regulations and principles aim to achieve.
Explain how emissions trading schemes are likely to affect financial reporting.
The manager of Gladstone Ltd is not convinced of the scientific evidence behind climate change, and does not consider it necessary to adopt changes in the company’s operations which would decrease
Darwin Ltd wants to focus on ‘people, profits, planet’. The board of directors has proposed linking top managers’ pay to broad measures of environmental sustainability, and worker and customer
The report Net Zero Momentum Tracker: Superannuation Sector examines 20 of the largest superannuation funds in Australia, and looks at these organisations’ different investment styles and
Green, or sustainable finance, is an important part of ethical investment. In many jurisdictions, including Australia and New Zealand, green bonds are becoming an important source of
Find a recent sustainability report. Good reports can be found at the Australian Reporting Awards website; however, it might be useful to compare these to other firms’reports.Required Prepare a
This chapter has identified a range of stakeholders that managers should consider when determining sustainability performance and reporting. Determine how managers should engage with each of these

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