Industrial Organization Markets and Strategies 2nd edition Paul Belleflamme, Martin Peitz - Solutions

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Drawing on your knowledge of research methods, what are the difficulties in evaluating the success of OD programs?
Consider a common problem in classrooms, such as a difficulty in communication between professor and students or an unclear grading policy. How might an OD consultant solve this problem? What OD techniques might be used?
Describe the organizational culture of a company or firm you are familiar with. What are some of the sources of this company’s organizational culture?
Compare and contrast the contingency models of organizational structure.
Based on what you know about traditional and nontraditional organizational structures, contrast the work life of the typical worker in a traditional organization with that of a worker in a nontraditional organization.
Consider an organization with which you have had some contact. Describe the structure of this organization using the dimensions of traditional–nontraditional, functional–divisional, and centralized–decentralized. If you have access to the organization’s chart, describe its chain of command
List some of the potential causes of political behaviors.
What is the distinction between functional and dysfunctional political behavior? Give examples of each.
Recall some instances in which you observed power used in a work or social group. Which power bases were used in each case? How effective were they in influencing others’behavior?
Consider the five power bases described by French and Raven (1959). Give examples of how a manager might use each to increase work group productivity.
In what ways are influence, power, and organizational politics different? In what ways are they similar?
What sorts of groups might operate efficiently without a leader? How would leadership be shared in these groups?
Design a leadership training program for leaders of student organizations. Keep in mind the program characteristics that will maximize the effectiveness of the training program.
All contingency theories of leadership measure some characteristics of both the leader and the work situation. How do the different theories—Fiedler’s, path-goal, decisionmaking, leader–member exchange—define characteristics of the work situation?
Think of a leader of a work or social group whom you have known. How would you characterize this person’s leadership style or orientation? What theory of leadership best describes and explains this person’s leadership situation?Study Questions and Exercises
Consider the distinction between task- oriented(initiating structure) and relationshiporiented(consideration) leader behaviors.List the role that they play in each of the various contingency theories.
Discuss the limitations of the universalist leadership theories. Why do you suppose they had, and continue to have, such popular appeal?
Consider the eight symptoms of groupthink.What steps can decision-making groups take to try to avoid each of them?
What are some of the potential positive and negative outcomes of conflict? Using a work or social group with which you have had contact, think of examples of conflict that led to negative outcomes. How might these situations have been managed to reduce their negative impact?
Discuss the ways in which cohesiveness and conflict can be seen as opposite forces in work groups.
List the levels of conflict that occur in work groups. Give specific examples from your own life to illustrate each.
In what ways can group cohesiveness facilitate goal attainment in work groups?How might cohesiveness hinder goal attainment?
Consider a work or social group of which you are a member. What are the various roles that members play? What roles have you played? What are some of the norms that are particular to this group?
In what ways will the sources, channels, and audiences of the formal lines of communication and the informal lines of communication (grapevine) in an organization differ?
Consider the five types of communication networks. What are the characteristics of each? Can you think of any special work groups that illustrate each network?
Think of an organization with which you have had some contact, such as a work organization, a club or social group, or your college or university. What forms of downward, upward, and lateral communication take place in this organization?How could the flow of each direction of communication be
In what ways can nonverbal communication affect the interaction between a supervisor and a subordinate? Between two same-status coworkers?
List the steps in the basic communication model. Which factors influence the effective flow of communication at each of the steps?
What are the connections between worker stress and counterproductive work behaviors?How can counterproductive work behaviors be reduced?
Based on the material in the chapter, design a stress management program for use in an organization.
Consider the various means of assessing stress. Which seems most accurate, and why?
Consider how the work world will be changing in the next several years. What are the implications for worker stress? Will there be more of it, or less? What are some sources of technology-related stress (technostress)addressed in On the Cutting Edge that will increase in the future?
List the sources of stress in your own life.Ask a friend to do the same. Are there important differences in your two lists, or are they quite similar? What are the implications for defining and understanding stress?
In what ways have the working lives of U.S.workers changed over the past 60 years?What sorts of changes do you expect to see in the future?
Consider a job or occupation that you are familiar with. What are the “normal” job duties associated with this job, and what might be considered “organizational citizenship behaviors” for this job or occupation?Try to come up with examples of each type of OCB for this job.
What would a good, comprehensive program to increase job satisfaction contain?What elements would you include in each?
How does job satisfaction relate to the important “bottom-line,” outcome variables of performance, absenteeism, and turnover?
What are some of the difficulties in the measurement of employee job satisfaction? How might I/O psychologists try to deal with these problems?
How would you design a program to improve motivation for a group of low-achieving high school students? What would the elements of the program be? What theories would you use?
Basic need theories, goal-setting theory, and reinforcement theory are very general models of work motivation. What are the strengths and weaknesses of such general theories?
Apply each of the various theories to describing/explaining your own level of motivation at school or at work. Which model gives the best explanation for your personal motivation?
Some theories of motivation have led to successful strategies for enhancing work motivation, whereas others have not. What are some of the factors that distinguish the more successful theories from the less successful?
Motivation is an abstract concept, one that cannot be directly observed. Using your knowledge of research methods, list some of the methodological issues/problems that motivation researchers must face.
Review the discussion of EEO issues in personnel training. What are the various ways that training programs could discriminate against members of protected groups (ethnic minorities, women, people with disabilities, or the elderly)?
Consider the various designs for evaluating employee training programs. Although the more complex and sophisticated designs usually provide better evaluation, what are some of the difficulties of conducting an assessment in actual work organizations?
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of on-site versus off-site training methods.
Consider a work organization that you have had some contact with, either one in which you were employed or in which a friend or relative is working. Based on your knowledge, how might a training needs assessment be conducted? Consider all four levels of assessment: organizational, task, person, and
Consider how learning takes place in work organizations. How does employee training relate to learning in college classrooms?What are the similar methods and underlying theories/concepts of learning?
In some organizations, performance appraisals are taken too lightly; they receive little attention and are conducted irregularly and infrequently, and there is little motivation for appraisers to do a good job.Why might this occur? Imagine that your task is to convince the management of one of
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using graphic rating scales versus comparative methods of performance appraisals?
Using the job from question 1, design a performance appraisal system for the position.What does it consist of? Who will do the evaluations?
Think of a job you have had in the past or talk to someone you know about his or her job. Using what you know about the position, try to determine what the relevant performance criteria would be for the job.Develop methods for assessing the performance criteria. Would you measure these criteria
It is clear that in much of the hiring that takes place, subjective evaluations of applicants are often the basis for the decisions.Why is this the case? What are some reasons that more objective—and more valid—hiring procedures are often ignored by employers?
Consider the last job you applied for. What kinds of screening procedures did you encounter? What were their strengths and weaknesses? How could they have been improved?
Search for a detailed job advertisement or a job description. What are the KSAOs that the job seems to require? Suggest which sorts of tests or other screening procedures might best measure the KSAOs associated with the job.
Imagine that you were in charge of hiring new employees for a particular job that you are familiar with. Which screening methods would you choose, and why?
Consider the different employee selection methods: multiple regression, multiple cutoff, and multiple hurdle. For each, develop a list of jobs or occupations that would probably require that particular method.
In what ways has antidiscrimination legislation affected how personnel professionals recruit, screen, and select people for jobs?List some ways that employers can try to avoid discrimination in personnel decision making.
What factors need to be considered in employee recruitment on the part of the employer? On the part of the applicant?
What are some of the key concerns that organizations should consider in human resource planning?
List some of the reasons why women are paid less for comparable work performed by men. Think of some stereotypically “female”jobs and comparable jobs that are stereotypically held by men. Are there inequities in compensation between the “male” and“female” jobs? Why or why not?
Using the preceding job, go to O*NET and find the code for that job title using the“Occupational listings,” sorted by title (www.onetcenter.org/occupations.html). Using the code, look up the online job using the occupational title (http://online.onetcenter.org/find/) and find the information
Consider your current job, or a job that you or a friend had in the past. How would you begin to conduct a job analysis of that position?What methods would you use? What are the important components of the job?
Compare and contrast the four specific, structured methods of job analysis: the functional job analysis, the job element method,the Position Analysis Questionnaire, and the critical incidents technique. Make a table listing their respective strengths and weaknesses.
Consider each of the products of a job analysis. How do these products affect other organizational outcomes?
Using the study that you designed earlier, what are some of the ethical considerations in conducting the research? What information would you include in an informed consent form for that study’s participants?
Choose some aspect of work behavior and develop a research hypothesis. Now try to design a study that would test the hypothesis.Consider what your variables are and how you will operationalize them. Choose a research design for the collection of data.Consider who your participants will be and how
Consider the various measurement techniques used by I/O psychologists. Why are many of the variables used in I/O psychology difficult to measure?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the experimental and the correlational methods? Under what circumstances would you use each?
Consider the steps in the research process.What are some of the major problems that are likely to be encountered at each step in the research process?
Imagine that you chose a career path in I/O psychology. What research questions or practice issues interest you? How might these interests affect your choice of training in I/O psychology and the job title you might hold?
Consider the important trends in I/O psychology today. Are there any ways that these trends have affected or will affect your life as a worker?
Consider the historical advancements made by scientific management, human relations, and the army’s intelligence testing programs.How has each of these influenced what we know about work and about workers today?
Although I/O psychology is a distinct specialty area in the larger field of psychology, consider how the topics studied by I/O psychologists might benefit from other psychology specialty areas. For example, what contributions have social psychology, educational psychology, cognitive psychology, and
Consider a monopolist that produces for two periods. The demand curves in both periods are qt = 1-pt for t = 1; 2. The marginal costs are c in the first and c – λq1 in the second period. Here, λ is a small and positive number. There is a discount factor of between the periods.1. Explain briefly
In the recent financial crisis, rating agencies have become a focus of attention. The market has traditionally been dominated by a few big agencies, currently Standard & Poor, Moodys and Fitch. In 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) introduced measures to speed up the approval
Equilibrium uniqueness in the Cournot model Consider an oligopoly with n firms that produce homogeneous goods and compete à la Cournot. Inverse demand is given by P (Q) with P? (Q) i (qi) with C²i (qi) > 0 and C² (qi) ? 0. Denote q-i = ?j ? I qj. 1. Compute the first- and second order
Two firms (firm 1 and firm 2) compete in a market for a homogenous good by setting quantities. The demand is given by Q (p) = 2 - p. The firms have constant marginal cost c = 1.1. Draw the two firms reaction function. Find the equilibrium quantities and calculate equilibrium profits.2. Suppose
Which model, the Cournot or the Bertrand model, would you think provides a better first approximation to each of the following industries / markets: the oil refining industry, farmer markets, cleaning services. Discuss!
Reconsider the simple Hotelling model in which consumers are uniformly distributed on the unit interval and firms are located at the extremes of this interval. Now take consumer’s participation constraint explicitly into account. Derive the equilibrium depending on the parameter τ. [Be careful
Reconsider the duopoly model with linear individual demand and differentiated products. Show that prfits under quantity competition are higher than under price competition if products are substitutes and that the reverse holds if products are complements.
Consider a market in which firms 1,……., N set simultaneously capacities for a homogeneous product and afterwards a third party, which observes market demand and the capacity choice of each firm sets the market clearing price. Suppose that inverse demand is linear and of the form P (q) = a - q,
Suppose two firms, firm 1 and firm 2, operate in a homogeneous good market. The supply of firm i, denoted by qi, is constrained by installed capacity ki, i.e., 0 ≤ qi ≤ ki for i = 1, 2. Firms have zero marginal costs of production for quantities weakly below their capacity. They cannot increase
Consider a market with two horizontally differentiated products and inverse demands given by Pi (qi, qj) = a - bqi - dqj . Set b = 2=3 and d = 1/3. The system of demands is then given by Qi (pi, pj) = a - 2pi + pj . Suppose firm 1 has cost c1 = 0 and firm 2 has cost c2 = c (with
Consider a duopoly for a homogeneous product. Firms i = 1, 2 set price-quantity pairs (pi, qi) simultaneously. If at these pairs some consumers are rationed, rationing is assumed to be efficient. Suppose firms are constrained by capacities ki > 0 and inverse market demand is P (q) = q-1.
Consider the Cournot duopoly with linear demand P (q) = 1 - q with q = q1 +q2 and constant marginal cost. Firm one has marginal cost of zero. This is commonly known. The marginal cost of firm 2 is privately known to firm 2; firm 1 only knows that they are prohibitively high or zero and
Consider a market in which firms 1,……,N are equidistantly distributed on a circle with circumference 1. Firms have constant marginal costs of production c, which are the same for all firms. Consumers are uniformly distributed on the circle (and have mass 1). A consumer x incurs a transportation
Consider the Hotelling model in which consumers are uniformly distributed on the [0, 1]-interval and firms A and B are located at the extreme points. Firms produce a product of quality si. Consumer x ∈ [0, 1] obtains utility uA = (r - tx) sA - pA if she buys one unit of product A and uB
Give five examples of product markets in which product differentiation is likely to be a determining factor for competition in the market place. Give five examples in which the imperfections in competition are likely to be the result of factors different from product differentiation.
Somewhere far away there exist two villages Apple-castle (A) and Orange-village (B). Each village has its grocery store which sells a particular brand. Suppose that initially connections are bad so that all inhabitants of A do their shopping in A and all inhabitants of B do their shopping in B.
Suppose there are 2 firms in a vertically differentiated market. Consumers buy either one unit of any of the two goods or they do not purchase in the market. If they do not purchase in the market their indirect utility is 0. If they purchase good i their indirect utility is θ si - pi, where θ is
A consumer with income m who consumes a product of quality si and pays pi obtains the utility sim = 6 - pi. If instead the consumer decides not buy the good, the resulting utility is zero. Consumer income m is uniformly distributed on the interval [2, 8] with the density 1/6. The total
Consider the elasticities reported in the table below. The easiest way to think about the advertising elasticities is the following: Total demand consists of demand today and tomorrow. The short-run elasticity is the effect that advertising today has on demand today whereas the long-run elasticity
Suppose that advertising expenditures are wasteful in the sense that they only redirect existing demand and do not increase consumer utility. Can such advertising be total surplus increasing? Explain.
Consider the linear Hotelling duopoly in which each firm produces a product with a firm-specific undesirable ingredient at zero marginal costs. Suppose that, absent advertising, consumers are not aware of this ingredient. In this case a consumer of type x derives utility r - tx - p1 if she
It is not difficult to navigate in Lonely-Line City: a single street runs from kilometer 0 to kilometer 1 along which 100 inhabitants are equidistantly distributed. [Approximate the consumer distribution by a continuum on [0, 1] with a mass of 100.] To keep the place residential the local
A study by Brynjolfsson and Smith on retail price for books and CDs finds that price dispersion (weighted by market shares) is lower for internet retailers than for conventional retailers. Discuss.
Suppose that two firms with constant marginal costs compete in prices in a homogeneous product market. All consumers have unit demand and a willingness to-pay r. A share α of consumers is informed about the prices in the market. The share (1 – α) = 2 goes to firm i = 1, 2 and decides whether to
Switching costs relax competition and their presence are therefore profit-enhancing. Is this statement necessarily correct? Explain.
Suppose that two software companies launch a new software each. One of them is called COOL, the other GREAT. There is a unit mass of consumers. All of them consider the two software offers as identical. Both software’s are produced at zero marginal costs and consumers are willing to pay r for the

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Industrial Organization Markets and Strategies 2nd edition Paul Belleflamme, Martin Peitz - Solutions

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