Integrated Science 7th Edition Bill Tillery - Solutions

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What are the significant similarities and differences between speed and velocity?
An astronaut leaves a spaceship that is moving through free space to adjust an antenna. Will the spaceship move off and leave the astronaut behind? Explain.
A rocket blasts off from a platform on a space station. An identical rocket blasts off from free space. Considering everything else to be equal, will the two rockets have the same acceleration? Explain.
Suppose you are standing on the ice of a frozen lake and there is no friction whatsoever. How can you get off the ice?(Hint: Friction is necessary to crawl or walk, so that will not get you off the ice.)
What maintains the speed of Earth as it moves in its orbit around the Sun?
Is it possible for your weight to change as your mass remains constant? Explain.
Why should you bend your knees as you hit the ground after jumping from a roof?
How can an unbalanced force exist if every action has an equal and opposite reaction?
What net force is needed to maintain the constant velocity of a car moving in a straight line? Explain.
Is it possible for a small car to have the same momentum as a large truck? Explain.
Can gravity act in a vacuum? Explain.
Disregarding air friction, describe all the forces acting on a bullet shot from a rifle into the air.
An insect inside a bus flies from the back toward the front at 5.0 mi/h. The bus is moving in a straight line at 50.0 mi/h. What is the speed of the insect?
The United States is the only country in the world that does not use the metric system of measurement. With this understanding, make a list of advantages and disadvantages for adopting the metric system in the United States.
Are there any ways in which scientific methods differ from common-sense methods of reasoning?
Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary defines science, in part, as “knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method.” How would you define science?
If your wage were dependent on your work-time squared, how would it affect your pay if you double your hours?
Make an experimental evaluation of what happens to the density of a substance at larger and larger volumes.
Evaluate the statement that science cannot solve humanproduced problems such as pollution. What does it mean to say pollution is caused by humans and can only be solved by humans? Provide evidence that supports your position.
Select a statement that you feel might represent pseudoscience.Write an essay supporting and refuting your selection, noting facts that support one position or the other.
What is pseudoscience and how can you always recognize it?
Are all theories always completely accepted or completely rejected? Explain.
What is a model? How are models used?
Compare and contrast a scientific hypothesis and a scientific law.
Does a flattened pancake of clay have the same density as the same clay rolled into a ball? Explain.
Does the density of a liquid change with the shape of a container? Explain.
Define the metric standard units for length, mass, and time.
Other than familiarity, what are the advantages of the English system of measurement?
What are two components of a measurement statement? What does each component tell you?
What is a concept?
Which one of the following organisms is most likely to be at the second trophic level?a. a maple treeb. a snakec. a fungusd. an elephant
The primary factor that determines whether a geographic area will support temperate deciduous forest or prairie isa. the amount of rainfall.b. the severity of the winters.c. the depth of the soil.d. the kinds of animals present.
As energy is passed from one trophic level to the next in a food chain, about percent is lost at each transfer.a. 10b. 50c. 75d. 90
Which is not an era in geologic time?a. Paleozoicb. Mesozoicc. Proterozoicd. Cenozoic
This term now refers to humans and their humanlike ancestors, whereas previously the term hominid was used.a. Homininb. Australopithecusc. Homod. Neanderthalensis
Over these tens of thousands of years, Homo sapiens sapiens replaced earlier human populations such asa. Homo neanderthalensis.b. Homo erectus.c. Homo ergaster.d. All of the above.
In the evolution of humans, the fossil evidence suggests thata. the earliest humanlike primates were present in Africa, Europe, and North America.b. Homo sapiens has been around for about two million years.c. there were several different species of human ancestors in Africa.d. large numbers of
The numerical dates associated with events on the geologic time scale were determined bya. relative dating of the rate of sediment deposition.b. radiometric dating using radioactive decay.c. the temperature of Earth.d. the rate that salt is being added to the ocean.
You would expect to find the least number of fossils in rocks from which geologic time?a. Cenozoicb. Mesozoicc. Paleozoicd. Precambrian
In any sequence of sedimentary rock layers that has not been subjected to stresses, you would expect to finda. essentially horizontal stratified layers.b. the oldest layers at the bottom and the youngest at the top.c. younger faults, folds, and intrusions in the rock layers.d. All of the above are
A fossil of a jellyfish, if found, would most likely bea. a preserved fossil.c. a carbon film.b. one formed by mineralization.d. a cast or a mold.
Some of the oldest fossils are about how many years old?a. 4.55 billionb. 3.5 billionc. 250 milliond. 10,000
The Archaeaa. are ancestors of Bacteria.b. are eukaryotic.c. lack a nucleus.d. None of the above is correct.
Virusesa. can be free-living or parasitic.b. belong to the domain Archaea.c. can function and reproduce only inside a host cell.d. All of the above are correct.
Plants and fungi differ in thata. plants are autotrophic and fungi are heterotrophic.b. plants have cell walls of cellulose and fungi have cell walls of chitin.c. plants carry on photosynthesis and fungi do not.d. All of the above are correct.
Which of the following kingdoms contain members that are autotrophs?a. Protistab. Plantaec. Bacteriad. All of the above are correct.
Which is commonly used as sources of information when developing a phylogeny?a. fossil evidenceb. biochemical informationc. embryological developmentd. All of the above are correct.
The three main kinds of living things, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya, have been labeled asa. species.c. domains.b. kingdoms.d. families.
Explain the morphological species concept.
List the series of events necessary for speciation to occur.
Why aren’t mules considered a species?
Why is geographic isolation important in the process of speciation?
“Evolution is a fact.” “Evolution is a theory.” Explain how both of these statements can be true.
What does sexual reproduction have to do with genetic diversity, evolution, and natural selection?
What are the two most common misinterpretations associated with the process of natural selection?
Th e concept of evolution involves three important items.Describe them.
What role did Alfred Russel Wallace play in developing the theory of natural selection?
Why has Lamarck’s theory been rejected?
Give two examples of selecting agents and explain how they operate.
What is natural selection? How does it work?
Why are acquired characteristics of little interest to evolutionary biologists?
Describe Francesco Redi’s experiment to disprove spontaneous generation.
What evidence supports the theory that eukaryotic cells arose from the development of a symbiotic relationship between primitive prokaryotic cells?
List two important eff ects caused by the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere.
What is meant by spontaneous generation? What is meant by biogenesis?
In what sequence did the following things happen: living cell, oxidizing atmosphere, eukaryotes developed, reducing atmosphere, fi rst organic molecule?
The movement of genes from one generation to the next or from one region to another is known asa. mitosis.b. meiosis.c. gene flow.d. gene transfer.
Two groups of organisms belong to different species ifa. gene flow between the two groups is not possible, even in the absence of physical barriers.b. physical barriers separate the two groups, thereby preventing cross matings.c. the two groups of organisms have a different physical appearance.d.
Which of the following is required for speciation to occur?a. genetic isolation from other speciesb. genetic diversity within a speciesc. hundreds of millions of yearsd. reproduction
Two closely related organisms are not considered to be separate species unless theya. look different.b. are reproductively isolated.c. are able to interbreed.d. are in different geographic parts of the world.
Hybrid animals such as mules are not considered to be a species because theya. do not reproduce through many generations.b. are not common enough.c. can be maintained only by humans.d. look different from both parents.
The various processes that encourage the passage of beneficial genes to future generations and discourage the passage of harmful or less valuable genes are collectively known asa. natural selection.c. sex.b. evolution.d. adaptation of the fittest.
The Hardy-Weinberg concept requires thata. mutations occurb. mating be randomc. migration occurd. natural selection take place
The Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection differs from Lamarck’s ideas in thata. Lamarck understood the role of genes, and Darwin and Wallace did not.b. Lamarck assumed that characteristics obtained during an organism’s lifetime could be passed to the next generation;Darwin and Wallace did
Which of the following could lead to a changed gene frequency in a population?a. Individuals with certain characteristics die.b. Individuals with certain characteristics are attractive to the opposite sex.c. Individuals with certain characteristics have more offspring than others.d. All of the
Which of the following is involved in generating new genetic combinations in organisms?a. acquired characteristicsb. sexual reproductionc. Hardy-Weinbergd. natural selection
As a control, Pasteur cut off the tops of swan-necked flasks and allowed microorganisms from the air to fall into the flask. His experimental swan-necked flasks werea. not broken.b. covered with gauze.c. deliberately seeded with microbes.d. also heat-sealed.
The Domain Eucaryaa. has the simplest cell structure.b. is probably the result of endosymbiosis.c. was the first to be produced.d. began about 3.5 billion years ago.
Oxygen present in our atmosphere is the result ofa. organisms carrying on respiration.b. gases from volcanoes.c. the breakdown of carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen.d. organisms carrying on photosynthesis
Evidence from fossils shows that prokaryotic cells came into existence approximately years ago.a. 20 billionc. 4–5 billionb. 3.5 billiond. 1.5 billion
Which was not a major component of the early Earth’s reducing atmosphere?a. H 2b. CO 2c. NH 3d. O 2
Cancer oft en results from mutations in genes like p53.However, some cancers, like cervical cancer, can be initiated by viruses (human papilloma virus, HPV). How are these two types of cancers diff erent? Can either be prevented by vaccination? What do the vaccines do?
Th e sources of red and white blood cells are undiff erentiated cells called stem cells. Currently, a great controversy exists over the source and use of these cells for research and medical purposes. What is the nature of the controversy? What kinds of abnormalities are associated with stem cells?
Local community blood programs are always seeking donors.Th ey want to collect whole blood, red blood cells, and platelets from donors. How do these diff er from one another? What is the value and application for each in a medical situation?
Some people believe that the common cold virus can be controlled by using the same antibiotics that are used to control infections such as strep throat. What is the true story?
How might spindle fibers aid in the separation of chromatids during mitosis?
At what phase of mitosis does the DNA become most visible?
During which stage of a cell’s cycle does DNA replication occur?
What is meant by cell cycle?
Name the four stages of mitosis and describe what occurs in each stage.
When there is no light, which portion(s) of the photosynthetic pathway will cease to operate?
Where in a eukaryotic cell do the following reactions take place: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport system?
When does O2 come into the picture of aerobic cellular respiration?
Briefly describe what happens during the glycolytic pathway of cellular respiration.
What is it about ATP that allows it to be compared to a rechargeable battery?
There are several over-the-counter eyewash products on the market. Describe what would happen if they were not isotonic solutions.
Diagram a cell and show where proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids are located.
What are the differences between the cell wall and the cell membrane?
How do diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport differ?
Make a list of the membranous organelles of a eukaryotic cell and describe the function of each.

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Integrated Science 7th Edition Bill Tillery - Solutions

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