Innovation Management And New Product Development 3rd Edition Paul Trott - Solutions

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5.11 Fig. 5.46 shows a typical playground basketball hoop system. Use the laws of completion, increasing flexibility, and transition to a higher-level system to develop conceptual designs of newgenerations of this system. Compare your concepts with those available in the US patent database
5.10 Select any three sub-systems (or components) of a car. Apply the line of completion and the line of transition to self-adaptive systems to each of these sub-systems(components). Describe the resultant concepts and/or design challenges that need to be overcome to realize these concepts.
5.9 Apply the lines of mono–bi–poly to any consumer product of your choosing.Describe the resultant concepts and/or design challenges that need to be overcome to realize these concepts.
5.8 Apply any three lines of increasing flexibility to any consumer product of your choosing. Describe the resultant concepts and/or design challenges (system conflicts)that need to be overcome to realize these concepts.
5.7 A typical reed switch (Fig. 5.45) has a pair of thin ferromagnetic pieces (contacts)placed inside a glass tube that is wrapped up in an electric coil. When there is no electric current in the coil, the pieces do not touch each other. An electric current in the coil creates a magnetic field that
5.6 Do you see a potential application of the lines of chronokinematics to your company’s products? If the answer is negative, please explain.
5.5 Single glass lenses can bring objects into sharp focus only at certain distances. Such lenses can be considered “stiff” systems. The single lens deficiency is eliminated in the two- and multi-element lens systems that are designed so that their focus can be varied by mechanically changing
5.4 A conventional screwdriver with a straight or a Phillips blade can be considered a mono-system. A universal screwdriver with blades of different shapes(both straight and Phillips) and sizes, placed in its handle, is an example of the next evolutionary step – a homogeneous poly-system with
5.3 (A) Give one example of the evolution of a product along each of the following lines of evolution: Mono–bi–poly Transition to self-adaptive systems Transition to a micro-level Line of completion Shortening of energy flow path.
5.2 (A) Give five examples of consumer products that can be characterized as: homogeneous bi-systems heterogeneous bi-systems partially convoluted bi-systems inverse bi-systems completely convoluted bi-systems.(B) Give five examples of products from one industry that can be characterized as:
5.1 Select any five sub-systems of a car. Apply the law of non-uniform evolution to each of these sub-systems and formulate system conflicts associated with future evolutions of these sub-systems.
4.5 It is known that the efficiency of a worm drive (Fig. 4.29) is determined by friction coefficient in the contact area and by the lead angle of the worm. The efficiency can be improved by increasing the lead angle. However, increasing the lead angle reduces the transmission ratio of the worm
4.4 Usually IC chips are mounted on supporting substrates made of a material with a coefficient of thermal expansion that is different from that of the material of the IC. This causes thermal expansion stresses that may crack interconnects(Fig. 4.28). Find ways to alleviate the ill effects of the
4.3 Arobot gripper is powered by two air lines made from hard nylon robes (Fig. 4.27).One air line powers the gripper fingers, the other powers a pneumatic motor that rotates the gripper. The lines are firmly attached to the top of the quill and to the gripper, which rotates ± 270◦. Rotation of
4.2 On May 27, 1931, Auguste Piccard with his associate Paul Kipfer, made the first manned balloon flight into the stratosphere, ascending to a then-record altitude of 51 961 feet (15 838 m).Piccard’s stratospheric balloon consisted of a gas balloon and an airtight pressurized passenger gondola
4.1 Many heat exchange devices use fluids (liquids or gases) that flow parallel to the hot surface. As the fluid flows along the surface, it becomes hotter and therefore less capable of taking heat because the temperature difference between the fluid and the surface decreases. Develop a better
3.7 When drying powders in a fluidized bed (Fig. 3.55), a layer of powder is heated by a stream of hot air while being agitated by acoustic vibrations. The agitation intensifies the drying process. The best result can be achieved if the frequency of the acoustic vibrations is tuned to the natural
3.6 The rotary drilling rig uses a series of rotating pipes, called the drill string, to tap into oil and gas reservoirs (Fig. 3.54). The drill string is supported by a derrick, and driven by the rotary table on its floor. A mud-like fluid, circulated by a pump,removes cuttings as the teeth of the
3.5 In the paper industry, logs provide the raw material for the manufacture of paper products. Logs delivered to a mill often include pieces of plastics (the consequence of environmental pollution). When the logs are converted into wood chips, the plastic is fragmented as well, which results in
3.4 Various loose materials are often transported in partially filled containers (Fig.3.53). During transportation, the material is subjected to sloshing vibrations that may cause particles to be frequently displaced, and to rub against both each other and the walls of the container. This may
3.3 Dirt often sticks to the inner surface of an excavator bucket during unloading, which is undesirable (Fig. 3.52). Suggest a simple and cost-effective method for eliminating this disadvantage.
3.2 The flaring of metal pipes is often performed by special hydrostatic presses(Fig. 3.51). However, this technology is not always available for emergency repairs in field conditions. A simple and cost-effective method for tube flaring is needed.
3.1 Compile sufield models of the following functions: sitting brushing teeth combing hair skiing boiling water in a kettle lighting the bulb in Fig. 3.50.
2.8 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners use strong magnetic fields and powerful radio wave pulses. MRI cannot be used on patients who have pacemakers.These pacemakers are usually enclosed in a metallic cover that shields them from outside electromagnetic radiation. The problem is that radio
2.7 The 230 000-lbs base of a blast furnace is moved next to a foundation well(Fig. 2.43). How should the base be lowered into the well? Of course, special cranes can be used, but this would significantly increase the complexity and cost of the operation, and may not be reliable. What should be
2.6 Auguste Piccard, a famous Swiss inventor,was developing a bathyscaph – a submarine vessel intended to explore great ocean depths. In 1960, the bathyscaph Trieste, designed by Piccard and operated by his son Jacques and Lt. DonaldWalsh of the US Navy, descended 10 916 m to the bottom of the
2.5 Formulate and resolve a physical contradiction in the following problem.To plate a metal part with another metal, the part is placed in a bath filled with a salt solution of the coating metal. The solution is heated and, due to thermal decomposition, the metal from the solution precipitates
2.4 Heat produced by IC chips travels through the leads and heat sinks – small rods made of the solder material (Fig. 2.42). The heat sinks are fabricated before the IC chips are soldered to the printed circuit board and, therefore, they also evacuate heat from the soldering zone during the
2.3 Using the ideality tactics, develop alternative conceptual solutions to Problem 2.1.
2.2 Rank functions performed by different components of: Shaving razor Toothbrush Mailbox Computer keyboard Flashlight Ski.
2.1 Formulate primary functions performed by: Shaving razor Toothbrush Mailbox Computer keyboard Flashlight Ski. Formulate the Primary Function Select a component and formulate a Ph. Con. Identify major components Build a system conflict diagram Use the separation principles NO Phys. con
Why do so many new products fail?
‘New products are a necessary evil.’ From whose viewpoint are they necessary and whose viewpoint are they evil?
What are the differences between the way scientists view innovation and the way marketing people tend to view it?
Explain why screening in the development of a new product needs to be viewed as a continual process.
Explain why the image of sales representatives as second-hand car dealers is at best misleading and at worst pejorative and incorrect.
Explain why there is not one best organisational structure for new product development.
Explain the important role of a hybrid manager in cross-functional teams.
Explain how cross-functional teams help to reduce the product development time.
List the advantages and the limitations of cross-functional teams.
What went wrong in the case?
Discuss the dilemma of trying to ensure that members of a team are, on the one hand, able to make meaningful contributions to the group of specialists and, on the other hand, unable to make a contribution through a lack of shared knowledge.
Explain why some writers argue that organisations are the graveyard of product innovations rather than the birthplace.
Discuss the dilemma faced by all firms of trying to listen to customers’ needs and wants and yet also trying to develop new products for those customers that they do not yet serve.
Discuss the advantages of the tripartite product concept in developing new products.
Explain why discontinuous new products present a different challenge.
We are told that many new products fail, but is this because many firms are impatient? Discuss whether firms should allow more time for their product to be adopted and whether they would end up with a successful product.
Explain why consumer market testing might not always be beneficial.
Why is negotiating a licence for a new product so difficult?
Explain the rationale behind Electrolux and Hoover’s decision not to purchase the license from Dyson. Given Hoover’s recent development of the Triple Vortex vacuum cleaner how do you assess this decision? What level of royalty would have been reasonable for both parties, that is, Dyson and
What is the role of patents? To what extent is it an effective system for protecting intellectual property?
How can governments try to assist inventors like Dyson and ensure that more innovations succeed in their country, and thereby developing their economic base?
How can businesses try to ensure that their senior managers (both buyers and new business development managers) do not dismiss exciting technology and with it potentially profitable business?
Discuss the factors that may lead to declining profit margins for mature products.
Discuss how packaging can be used to enhance a brand’s image.
Name an example of a brand article where product design is actively deployed to communicate the brand values. Discuss which brand values are involved and how product design is used.
Select a package of any consumable product. Assess its contribution to brand equity. Justify your decisions.
Private label or store brands sell in supermarkets typically for about 10–20 per cent less than manufacturers’ brands, yet the profit margins realised by supermarkets are usually about 10–15 per cent higher than for manufacturers’ brands. Explain why both parties need each other.
Fitting new products to the channel members’ assortments may sometimes be a problem. When might this be the case?
Is it practical to elicit channel-member input into the manufacturer’s product planning and development process? What problems might this cause?
Discuss the importance of fostering channel-member support in the early stages of the development of a new product.
Explain the various ways that packaging be used as a strategic tool.
Arguably this was a product whose sales were declining and could have been dumped.Can you think of any other ‘mature’products that could benefit from an investment in packaging design?
Use the attributes in Table 13.2 to explore whether more radical packaging could be developed for this product category.
Should Halfords have explored the possibility of developing a new brand of motor oil?
Discuss how Halfords used packaging as a strategic tool.
Discuss some of the strengths of network models of NPD.
Why do some marketers and scientists often argue about whether a product is new or not?
Explain Booz et al.’s (1982) classification of new products.
Examine the concept of a multidimensional product; how is this helpful?
Evaluate the wide range of product development opportunities that exist.
Discuss how the various groups of NPD models have contributed to our understanding of the subject of NPD.
Explain why screening should be viewed as a continual rather than a one-off activity.
Explain why the process of new product development is frequently represented as a linear process.
Some people may argue that 3M’s success is largely due to the significance given to science and technology and this is the main lesson for other firms. Discuss the merits of such a view and the extent to which this is the case.
per cent of sales from recently introduced products would be welcomed by shareholders, but what happens if a successful business delivers profits without 25 per cent of sales from recently introduced products?
Encouraging product and brand managers to achieve
Discuss the merits and problems with the so called ‘15 per cent’. Consider cost implications and a busy environment with deadlines to meet. To what extent is this realistic or mere rhetoric?
In the 3M case study, what is meant by the statement: ‘the message is more important than the figures’?
There are many examples of successful companies. To what extent is 3M justifiably highlighted as the ‘innovating machine’?
Are there any ethical issues in the employment of consumer panels in scanner store market tests?
What is the point in concept testing if it can only be a crude process with inconclusive results?
What measures would you apply in assessing the success of a new product?
Are brand extensions as relevant in industrial markets as in consumer markets?Do they have a strategic role or are they short-term tactical exercises?
Trace the connections between differentiation strategy, core capabilities and positioning strategy. How are they relevant to new product planning?
Would you agree that product portfolio analysis is too simplistic to be of much value?
Apply the notion of product platform to service industries. How relevant is it to financial services or to hotels? What are the issues that would need to be investigated if an idea emerged in a firm in those industries for a novel platform that had no connection with what was done before in that
If there was a strategic alliance between competitors for the development of a new technology then what are the strategic issues for these firms once that technology becomes available?
Why is the distribution problem so critical?
What market testing was carried out and what conclusions were drawn?
How should companies and society deal with these situations?
Can you think of other examples, similar to the wheel-chair in the case study, where a scientific advance and subsequent new product idea is not developed further and introduced to the market place because of commercial arguments?
Explain why any technology transferred to an organisation needs to be embedded into its core routines.
Explain the importance of tacit knowledge to the technology transfer process.
Explain how a firm’s internal activities affect its ability to acquire external technology.
Explain the limitations of many of the models of technology transfer.
Why was technology transfer considered to be a solution for budget deficits?
Many firms are outsourcing more and more of their activities and focusing on core activities. What are the advantages for Sony-Ericsson in bringing manufacturing back under its control?
Explain why Ericsson is maintaining a large R&D division focusing on handsets when its joint venture with Sony is also conducting R&D and product development of handsets.
Explain why Sony and Ericsson were finding it increasingly difficult to sustain R&D over all of their businesses.

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