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measurement theory in action
Questions and Answers of
Measurement Theory In Action
Why is defining the intended construct so essential to the development of a measure of typical performance?
In assessing someone’s opinion, when might you prefer to use a selected-response item format? When might you prefer to use a constructed-response item format?
Why is it sometimes appropriate to use emotionally loaded items when assessing self-report of a person’s behavior?
What is acquiescence? What can a test developer do to reduce our concern with acquiescence?
Why shouldn’t we ask respondents what they plan to do in the future? What should we do instead?
In reviewing the item writing tips in this module, is there any particular tip that you feel is especially important? Why? Are there any item writing tips that you would take issue with? Explain.
What is the major difference between rational and empirical methods of test development? Is rational test development unempirical? Is empirical test development irrational?
Is correcting for guessing appropriate in college-level courses where most individuals will not be guessing randomly, but rather will almost always be able to eliminate one or more distracter options?
In situations where individuals are unlikely to omit any of the questions on purpose, is it appropriate to correct for guessing?
What other personality characteristics, besides risk taking, do you think would be associated with guessing on multiple-choice tests?
What other factors, besides guessing, might contribute to extremely low or high levels of variability in knowledge test scores?
It was noted that if a test taker can eliminate at least one of the distracters, then corrections for guessing underestimate the extent of guessing. Is it possible to overestimate the extent of
Given that you cannot guess on short-answer essay questions, would they, by default, be more reliable?
What is the difference between response biases and response styles?
What are the best ways to reduce response biases? Response styles?
What factors influence the relative weighting of each predictor in an unstandardized multiple regression equation?
How does a standardized regression equation differ from an unstandardized regression equation?
If we were currently using four predictors to explain 40% of the variance in our criterion, would the addition of four more predictors with equal combined validity allow us to explain 80% of the
Why do we refer to the prediction of “reliable variance” in the criterion rather than just “variance”?
If in the previous question you added a fifth predictor to the original regression equation, what characteristics would you want from this predictor?
What information is provided by the standard error of estimate?
If we hoped to examine the predictive ability of four independent variables, what would you recommend as the minimum sample size?
Why is it necessary to compute the cross-validated correlation coefficient?
Why would you want to understand the dimensionality of a set of items?
Under what conditions might you choose to use PCA? EFA?
Under what conditions might you choose to use an orthogonal rotation of factors in an EFA? An oblique rotation?
What would you do if the expected dimensionality of your scale was very different from the results suggested by your factor analysis?
In conducting an EFA, describe the procedure you would follow to determine whether items found to load on a factor actually form a meaningful, interpretable subdimension.
In conducting an EFA, what would you do if a factor in the rotated factor (or pattern) matrix was composed of items that seem to having nothing in common from a rational or theoretical standpoint?
List the different types of decisions that you need to make when conducting an EFA.
Upon their introduction to factor analysis, many students are likely to agree with Pedhazur and Schmelkin’s (1991) assertion that factor analysis is like “a forest in which one can get lost in no
List four differences between CFA and EFA. What are similarities?
In scale construction, when would CFA be preferable to EFA? When would EFA be preferable to CFA?
In CFA, how would you determine if the data were consistent with your hypothesized model?
If the fit indexes indicated poor fit of your expected CFA model, what would you do next?
How should modification indexes be used in revising a model? What are dangers in using them?
How should item bundles be used when conducting a CFA? What are the advantages of bundles? What would be any disadvantages?
How can CFA be used to support validity evidence for a scale?
What are the major advantages of IRT over CTT-IA?
How do you determine the difficulty, discrimination, and pseudo guessing parameters in IRT? How are they different from CTT-IA?
When might it be preferable to use CTT-IA instead of IRT?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the 1-PL, 2-PL, and 3-PL IRT models?
What advantages do IRFs (i.e., graphs) have over simply examining the item parameters in table form?
What does it mean to say that item and person parameters are invariant (i.e., locally independent) in IRT models, but not in CTT-IA?
What are the major advantages of CAT administration over traditional paper-and-pencil test administration?
Could CAT be used in small-scale applications? If so, explain how.
What unique information do IRFs and IIFs provide for test development and revision?
What is the difference between a test that is simply administered on a computer [sometimes called computer-based testing, (CBT)] and a computer adaptive test (CAT)?
How do DIF procedures extend CTT-IA analyses?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using non-IRT DIF versus IRT-based DIF?
Why do we need to equate item parameters before running a DIF analysis?
How do item bias and test bias procedures differ? How are they similar?
What are the main differences between GT and CTT?
What are typical sources of error that are investigated in GT studies?
What does the variance component estimate tell us?
What is the difference between a fixed and a random facet?
What is the difference between a fully crossed design and a nested design?
What is the purpose of a D study?
What are the differences between absolute and relative decisions?
Why has GT been slow to be adopted in many research areas?
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