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principles managerial finance
Principles Of Managerial Finance 7th Edition Lawrence J Gitman, Chad J Zutter - Solutions
P7–10 Common stock value: Constant growth The common stock of Denis and Denis Research, Inc., trades for $60 per share. Investors expect the company to pay a$3.90 dividend next year, and they expect that dividend to grow at a constant rate forever. If investors require a 10% return on this stock,
P7–9 Common stock value: Constant growth McCracken Roofing, Inc., common stock paid a dividend of $1.20 per share last year. The company expects earnings and dividends to grow at a rate of 5% per year for the foreseeable future.a. What required rate of return for this stock would result in a
P7–7 Preferred stock valuation Jones Design wishes to estimate the value of its outstanding preferred stock. The preferred issue has an $80 par value and pays an annual dividend of $6.40 per share. Similar-risk preferred stocks are currently earning a 9.3% annual rate of return.a. What is the
P7–6 Common stock value: Zero growth Kelsey Drums, Inc., is a well-established supplier of fine percussion instruments to orchestras all over the United States.The company’s class A common stock has paid a dividend of $5.00 per share per year for the last 15 years. Management expects to
P7–5 Preferred stock valuation TXS Manufacturing has an outstanding preferred stock issue with a par value of $65 per share. The preferred shares pay dividends annually at a rate of 10%.a. What is the annual dividend on TXS preferred stock?b. If investors require a return of 8% on this stock and
P7–4 Convertible preferred stock Valerian Corp. convertible preferred stock has a fixed conversion ratio of 5 common shares per 1 share of preferred stock. The preferred stock pays a dividend of $10.00 per share per year. The common stock currently sells for $20.00 per share and pays a dividend
P7–2 Preferred dividends Slater Lamp Manufacturing has an outstanding issue of preferred stock with an $80 par value and an 11% annual dividend.a. What is the annual dollar dividend? If it is paid quarterly, how much will be paid each quarter?b. If the preferred stock is noncumulative and the
P7–1 Authorized and available shares Aspin Corporation’s charter authorizes issuance of 2,000,000 shares of common stock. Currently, 1,400,000 shares are outstanding, and 100,000 shares are being held as treasury stock. The firm wishes to raise $48,000,000 for a plant expansion. Discussions
E7–6 Brash Corporation initiated a new corporate strategy that fixes its annual dividend at $2.25 per share forever. If the risk-free rate is 4.5% and the risk premium on Brash’s stock is 10.8%, what is the value of Brash’s stock?
E7–5 Stacker Weight Loss currently pays an annual year-end dividend of $1.20 per share.It plans to increase this dividend by 5% next year and maintain it at the new level for the foreseeable future. If the required return on this firm’s stock is 8%, what is the value of Stacker’s stock?
E7–4 Today the common stock of Gresham Technology closed at $24.60 per share, down$0.35 from yesterday. If the company has 4.6 million shares outstanding and annual earnings of $11.2 million, what is its P/E ratio today? What was its P/E ratio yesterday?
E7–3 Figurate Industries has 750,000 shares of cumulative preferred stock outstanding. It has passed the last three quarterly dividends of $2.50 per share and now (at the end of the current quarter) wishes to distribute a total of $12 million to its shareholders.If Figurate has 3 million shares
E7–2 Angina, Inc., has 5 million shares outstanding. The firm is considering issuing an additional 1 million shares. After selling these shares at their $20 per share offering price and netting 95% of the sale proceeds, the firm is obligated by an earlier agreement to sell an additional 250,000
E7–1 A balance sheet balances assets with their sources of debt and equity financing. If a corporation has assets equal to $5.2 million and a debt ratio of 75.0%, how much debt does the corporation have on its books?
ST7–1 Common stock valuation Perry Motors’ common stock just paid its annual dividend of $1.80 per share. The required return on the common stock is 12%. Estimate the value of the common stock under each of the following assumptions about the dividend:a. Dividends are expected to grow at an
7–16 Explain each of the three other approaches to common stock valuation:(a) book value, (b) liquidation value, and (c) price/earnings (P/E) multiples.Which of them is considered the best?
7–15 Describe the free cash flow valuation model, and explain how it differs from the dividend valuation models. What is the appeal of this model?
7–14 Describe, compare, and contrast the following common stock dividend valuation models: (a) zero-growth, (b) constant-growth, and (c) variable-growth.
7–13 What does the efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) say about (a) securities prices, (b) their reaction to new information, and (c) investor opportunities to profit? What is the behavioral finance challenge to this hypothesis?
7–12 Describe the events that occur in an efficient market in response to new information that causes the expected return to exceed the required return.What happens to the market value?
7–11 What role does an investment banker play in a public offering? Describe an underwriting syndicate.
7–10 What general procedures must a private firm follow to go public via an initial public offering (IPO)?
7–9 What are the four ways that VCs are most commonly organized? How are their deals structured and priced?
7–8 What is the difference between a venture capitalist (VC) and an angel capitalist (angel)?
7–7 Explain the cumulative feature of preferred stock. What is the purpose of a call feature in a preferred stock issue?
7–6 What claims do preferred stockholders have with respect to distribution of earnings (dividends) and assets?
7–5 What are the advantages to both U.S.-based and foreign corporations of issuing stock outside their home markets? What are American depositary receipts (ADRs)? What are American depositary shares (ADSs)?
7–4 Explain the relationships among authorized shares, outstanding shares, treasury stock, and issued shares.
7–3 How does a rights offering protect a firm’s stockholders against the dilution of ownership?
7–2 What risks do common stockholders take that other suppliers of capital do not?
7–1 What are the key differences between debt and equity?
LG 6 Explain the relationships among financial decisions, return, risk, and the firm’s value.
LG 5 Discuss the free cash flow valuation model and the book value, liquidation value, and price/earnings(P/E) multiple approaches.
LG 4 Understand the concept of market efficiency and basic stock valuation using zero-growth, constant-growth, and variable-growth models.
LG 3 Describe the process of issuing common stock, including venture capital, going public, and the investment banker.
LG 2 Discuss the features of both common and preferred stock.
LG 1 Differentiate between debt and equity.
1.. CSM Corporation has a bond issue outstanding at the end of 2015. The bond has 15 years remaining to maturity and carries a coupon interest rate of 6%. Interest on the bond is compounded on a semiannual basis. The par value of the CSM bond is$1,000, and it is currently selling for $874.42.TO DO
P6–27 ETHICS PROBLEM Bond rating agencies have invested significant sums of money in an effort to determine which quantitative and nonquantitative factors best predict bond defaults. Furthermore, some of the raters invest time and money to meet privately with corporate personnel to get nonpublic
P6–26 Bond valuation: Quarterly interest Calculate the value of a $5,000-par-value bond paying quarterly interest at an annual coupon interest rate of 10% and having 10 years until maturity if the required return on similar-risk bonds is currently a 12% annual rate paid quarterly.
P6–24 Bond valuation: Semiannual interest Find the value of a bond maturing in 6 years, with a $1,000 par value and a coupon interest rate of 10% (5% paid semiannually) if the required return on similar-risk bonds is 14% annual interest (7% paid semiannually).
P6–23 Bond valuation and yield to maturity Mark Goldsmith’s broker has shown him two bonds. Each has a maturity of 5 years, a par value of $1,000, and a yield to maturity of 12%. Bond A has a coupon interest rate of 6% paid annually. Bond B has a coupon interest rate of 14% paid annually.a.
P6–21 Yield to maturity The Salem Company bond currently sells for $955, has a 12%coupon interest rate and a $1,000 par value, pays interest annually, and has 15 years to maturity.a. Calculate the yield to maturity (YTM) on this bond.b. Explain the relationship that exists between the coupon
P6–18 Bond value and time: Constant required returns Pecos Manufacturing has just issued a 15-year, 12% coupon interest rate, $1,000-par bond that pays interest annually.The required return is currently 14%, and the company is certain it will remain at 14% until the bond matures in 15 years.a.
P6–17 Bond value and changing required returns Midland Utilities has outstanding a bond issue that will mature to its $1,000 par value in 12 years. The bond has a coupon interest rate of 11% and pays interest annually.a. Find the value of the bond if the required return is (1) 11%, (2) 15%,
P6–15 Basic bond valuation Complex Systems has an outstanding issue of $1,000-par-value bonds with a 12% coupon interest rate. The issue pays interest annually and has 16 years remaining to its maturity date.a. If bonds of similar risk are currently earning a 10% rate of return, how much should
P6–14 Asset valuation and risk Laura Drake wishes to estimate the value of an asset expected to provide cash inflows of $3,000 per year at the end of years 1 through 4 and $15,000 at the end of year 5. Her research indicates that she must earn 10%on low-risk assets, 15% on average-risk assets,
P6–12 Valuation fundamentals Imagine that you are trying to evaluate the economics of purchasing an automobile. You expect the car to provide annual after-tax cash benefits of$1,200 at the end of each year and assume that you can sell the car for after-tax proceeds of $5,000 at the end of the
P6–11 Bond prices and yields Assume that the Financial Management Corporation’s$1,000-par-value bond had a 5.700% coupon, matures on May 15, 2023, has a current price quote of 97.708, and has a yield to maturity (YTM) of 6.034%. Given this information, answer the following questions:a. What was
P6–10 Bond interest payments before and after taxes Charter Corp. has issued 2,500 debentures with a total principal value of $2,500,000. The bonds have a coupon interest rate of 7%.a. What dollar amount of interest per bond can an investor expect to receive each year from Charter?b. What is
P6–3 Real and nominal rates of interest Zane Perelli currently has $100 that he can spend today on polo shirts costing $25 each. Alternatively, he could invest the $100 in a risk-free U.S. Treasury security that is expected to earn a 9% nominal rate of interest. The consensus forecast of leading
P6–1 Interest rate fundamentals: The real rate of return Carl Foster, a trainee at an investment banking firm, is trying to get an idea of what real rate of return investors are expecting in today’s marketplace. He has looked up the rate paid on 3-month U.S. Treasury bills and found it to be
E6–8 Assume a 5-year Treasury bond has a coupon rate of 4.5%.a. Give examples of required rates of return that would make the bond sell at a discount, at a premium, and at par.b. If this bond’s par value is $10,000, calculate the differing values for this bond given the required rates you chose
E6–7 A bond with 5 years to maturity and a coupon rate of 6% has a par, or face, value of $20,000. Interest is paid annually. If you required a return of 8% on this bond, what is the value of this bond to you?
E6–6 You have two assets and must calculate their values today based on their different payment streams and appropriate required returns. Asset 1 has a required return of 15% and will produce a stream of $500 at the end of each year indefinitely. Asset 2 has a required return of 10% and will
E6–4 Recently, the annual inflation rate measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) was forecast to be 3.3%. How could a T-bill have had a negative real rate of return over the same period? How could it have had a zero real rate of return? What minimum rate of return must the T-bill have earned
E6–1 The risk-free rate on T-bills recently was 1.23%. If the real rate of interest is estimated to be 0.80%, what was the expected level of inflation?
ST6–2 Bond yields Elliot Enterprises’ bonds currently sell for $1,150, have an 11% coupon interest rate and a $1,000 par value, pay interest annually, and have 18 years to maturity.a. Calculate the bonds’ current yield.b. Calculate the bonds’ yield to maturity (YTM).c. Compare the YTM
ST6–1 Bond valuation Lahey Industries has outstanding a $1,000 par-value bond with an 8% coupon interest rate. The bond has 12 years remaining to its maturity date.a. If interest is paid annually, find the value of the bond when the required return is(1) 7%, (2) 8%, and (3) 10%.b. Indicate for
1.. What ethical issues may arise because the companies that issue bonds pay the rating agencies to rate their bonds? Moody’s Investors Service, Standard &Poor’s, and Fitch Ratings play a crucial role in the financial markets. These credit-rating agencies evaluate and attach ratings to credit
6–23 As a financial manager it is often helpful to know the yield to maturity of outstanding bonds. Based on the information provided at MFL, use a spreadsheet to compute the yield to maturity for a bond.
6–22 Some bonds make interest payments more than once per year. Based on the information provided at MFL, develop a spreadsheet capable of comparing bond values for differing payment frequencies.
6–21 Spreadsheet models can be used to determine the value of a bond based on its provisions and the required rate of return. Based on the information provided at MFL, find the value of an annual coupon bond using a spreadsheet model.
6–20 What is a bond’s yield to maturity (YTM)? Briefly describe the use of a financial calculator and the use of an Excel spreadsheet for finding YTM.
6–19 As a risk-averse investor, would you prefer bonds with short or long periods until maturity? Why?
6–18 If the required return on a bond differs from its coupon interest rate, describe the behavior of the bond value over time as the bond moves toward maturity.
6–17 What relationship between the required return and the coupon interest rate will cause a bond to sell at a discount? At a premium? At its par value?
6–16 What procedure is used to value a bond that pays annual interest? Semiannual interest?
6–15 Define and specify the general equation for the value of any asset, V0.
6–14 Does the valuation process apply only to assets that provide an annual cash flow? Explain.
6–13 What are the three key inputs to the valuation process?
6–12 Why is it important for financial managers to understand the valuation process?
6–11 Compare the basic characteristics of Eurobonds and foreign bonds.
6–10 What is the current yield for a bond? How are bond prices quoted?How are bonds rated, and why?
6–9 What is a conversion feature? A call feature? What are stock purchase warrants?
6–8 How is the cost of bond financing typically related to the cost of shortterm borrowing? In addition to a bond’s maturity, what other major factors affect its cost to the issuer?
6–7 Differentiate between standard debt provisions and restrictive covenants included in a bond indenture. What are the consequences if a bond issuer violates any of these covenants?
6–6 What are typical maturities, denominations, and interest payments of a corporate bond? What mechanisms protect bondholders?
6–5 List and briefly describe the potential issuer- and issue-related risk components that are embodied in the risk premium. Which are the purely debt-specific risks?
6–4 Briefly describe the following theories of the general shape of the yield curve: (a) expectations theory, (b) liquidity preference theory, and(c) market segmentation theory.
6–3 For a given class of similar-risk securities, what does each of the following yield curves reflect about interest rates: (a) downward sloping,(b) upward sloping, and (c) flat? What is the “normal” shape of the yield curve?
6–2 What is the term structure of interest rates, and how is it related to the yield curve?
6–1 What is the real rate of interest? Differentiate it from the nominal rate of interest for the risk-free asset, a 3-month U.S. Treasury bill.
LG 6 Explain yield to maturity(YTM), its calculation, and the procedure used to value bonds that pay interest semiannually
LG 5 Apply the basic valuation model to bonds, and describe the impact of required return and time to maturity on bond values.
LG 4 Understand the key inputs and basic model used in the bond valuation process.
LG 3 Discuss the general features, yields, prices, ratings, popular types, and international issues of corporate bonds.
LG 2 Review the legal aspects of bond financing and bond cost.
LG 1 Describe interest rate fundamentals, the term structure of interest rates, and risk premiums.
Hemingway Corporation is considering expanding its operations to boost its income, but before making a final decision, it has asked you to calculate the corporate tax consequences of its decision. Currently, Hemingway generates before-tax yearly income of $200,000 and has no debt outstanding.
ETHICS PROBLEM The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 limits, but does not prohibit, corporate insiders from trading in their own firm’s shares. What ethical issues might arise when a corporate insider wants to buy or sell shares in the firm where he or she works?
Capital gains taxes Perkins Manufacturing is considering the sale of two nondepreciable assets, X and Y. Asset X was purchased for $2,000 and will be sold today for$2,250. Asset Y was purchased for $30,000 and will be sold today for $35,000. The firm is subject to a 40% tax rate on capital gains.a.
Interest versus dividend expense Michaels Corporation expects earnings before interest and taxes to be $50,000 for the current period. Assuming an ordinary tax rate of 35%, compute the firm’s earnings after taxes and earnings available for common stockholders (earnings after taxes and preferred
Marginal corporate tax rates Using the corporate tax rate schedule given in Table 2.1, perform the following:a. Find the marginal tax rate for the following levels of corporate earnings before taxes: $15,000; $60,000; $90,000; $200,000; $400,000; $1 million; and $20 million.b. Plot the marginal tax
Average corporate tax rates Using the corporate tax rate schedule given in Table 2.1, perform the following:a. Calculate the tax liability, after-tax earnings, and average tax rates for the following levels of corporate earnings before taxes: $10,000; $80,000; $300,000;$500,000; $1.5 million; $10
Corporate taxes Tantor Supply, Inc., is a small corporation acting as the exclusive distributor of a major line of sporting goods. During 2013, the firm earned $92,500 before taxes.a. Calculate the firm’s tax liability using the corporate tax rate schedule given in Table 2.1.b. How much are
Over the past 100 years, the level of government regulation of financial institutions and markets has ebbed and flowed or, as some economists might argue, has ebbed and flooded. Although the laws and regulatory agencies created by the government have various defined and not-so-well defined goals,
Your broker calls to offer you the investment opportunity of a lifetime, the chance to invest in mortgage-backed securities. The broker explains that these securities are entitled to the principal and interest payments received from a pool of residential mortgages. List some of the questions you
For what kinds of needs do you think a firm would issue securities in the money market versus the capital market?
Corporate taxes Montgomery Enterprises, Inc., had operating earnings of $280,000 for the year just ended. During the year, the firm sold stock that it held in another company for $180,000, which was $30,000 above its original purchase price of$150,000, paid 1 year earlier.a. What is the amount, if
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