A coin toss is used to decide which team gets the ball first in most sports. It involves little effort and is believed to give each side the same chance. In 51 Super Bowl games, the coin toss resulted in 25 heads and 26 tails. However, the National Football Conference has correctly called the coin flip 35 times. Meanwhile, the American Football Conference has correctly called the flip only 16 times. Use the six-step hypothesis-testing procedure at the .01 significance level to test whether these data suggest that the National Football Conference has an advantage in calling the coin flip.

a. Why can you use a z-statistic as the test statistic?

b. State the null and alternate hypotheses.

c. Make a diagram of the decision rule.

d. Evaluate the test statistic and make the decision.

e. What is the p-value and what does that imply?