Women And The Economy A Reader 1st Edition Ellen Mutari , Deborah M. Figart - Solutions

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The European financial community, including central bankers throughout Europe, made a big push in die eail\2000s for the euro to be at least on a pai with the I S. dollar in international transactions. Win didn't these individuals sua eed in then effort to get die res! oi the world to. say, start
Why can't competing producers in different states prevent"imports" into their own state? (HINT: What document was written over two hundred years ago?)
A quota limits the amount supplied by a group of suppliers to a fixed amount, regardless of price. Using demand and supply analysis, show how this affects the following: (i) the total supply of the good to a nation, including both domestic supply and the foreign supplv that is limited by the quota;
Imports of sugar into the United States, like imports of textiles, long have been subject to quotas. The United States is a major market for both textiles and sugar. What impact have quotas on these goods likely had on prices of these goods elsewhere in the world? What impact, on average, has this
If quotas harm the consumers in a nation that imposes them, why does that nation's government take such an action?
Who gains and who loses from import restrictions? In answering, you should consider both consumers and pi-ducers, in both the country that imposes the restrictions and in the other COUntl ies alio led h\ them. Also, he sine to take into account the effects ol import restrictions on export
Most U.S. imports and exports travel through our seaports at some point. How do you predict thai members of Congress from coastal states would vote on proposals to restrict international trader What other information would you want to know in making such a prediction?
Keeping in mind the ke\ propositions of international trade outlined in this chapter, what is the likeh Impact of international trade restrictions on the following variables in the United States: employment; the unemployment rate; real GDP; and the price level? Explain.
Until a lew years ago, U.S. cars exported to [apan had the driver controls on the left side ol the cai (as in the United States). The Japanese, however, drive on the lefl side ol the road, soJapanese cars sold in [apan have the driver controls on the right side. Suppose the fapanese tried to sell
For a number ol years, Japanese carmakers voluntarily limited the ntunbei ol cais ihc\ exported to the United States.What effect do you think this had on Japanese imports ol U.S. cars and I ,S. exports ol goods and services other than automobiles?
How does the existence of federal deposit insurance affect the ability of the Federal Reserve (the led) to control the money supply? (Hint: To answer, remember that in our banking system each dollar of reserves held by a bank can be used to support several dollars of deposits.) In particular,
If federal deposit insurance is provided to banks at no cost to them, who pays when an insured depositorv institution fails and its depositors are reimbursed for the full amount of their deposits?
It is estimated that much ot the cuirenc) that is counted as being part of the inone\ suppl) of the I Inked States is a< tually located in foreign nations, being used to lubricate terrorist activities and illegal drug deals. (The favorite denomination lor such activities is the Sinn bill, featuring
Those who avoid taxes often do so b\ getting paid in (.ash.Is there an effective wa\ to reduce sin h tax evasion?
Will drug traffickers be better or worse oil as a result ot the trend toward increased debit a\\(\ credit card use as well as increased automated electronic deposits and withdrawals?
If stockbrokers cannot "beat the market", win do people use their services?
When the prices of stocks fall, newspapers often report th.it the decline in prices was caused by a "wave of selling." By the definition of exchange, every sale must be accompanied by a purchase. Why, then, do the newspapers not report th.it the decline in stock prices was caused by a "wave of
Why do you think the government prohibits insider trading?
One effect of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks was to temporarily prevent banks from accessing reserves they needed to meet the demands of their customers. (This occurred because the attacks destroyed many records as well as the computers required to access backup records, and it took
Some economists have argued that the Fed should stick to a simple "monetary rule/' such as a stable growth rate ol the money supply, regardless of what is going on in the economy Given the Fed's performance history, can you suggest why we might benefit from such a rule? Why do you think the Fed has
Why do you suppose the Ycd likes to signal its intentions about monetary policy ahead of time?
Why is there no discussion of the possibility that the Fed might follow an "unemployment targeting" policy or a "real economic growth targeting" policy? (Hint: Can the Fed change the unemployment rate or the rate of growth of real income with its policy tools?)
Under which possible policy—inflation targeting or antibubble—would the chair of the led have more- disei elionai \power? Why?
The led has nevei seriousl) considered using a monetary rule, which would entail forgetting about disc ret ionai \monetary policy. Win would you predi< t that the Board oi Governors ol the Federal Reserve System would be emphatically against a monetary rule?
Is it realistic to hold the current president and Congress to the same accounting standards to which we hold the private sector? For example, see if you can find out how often corporate CEOs are replaced compared to the frequency with which U.S. presidents are replaced. Similarly, try to learn how
A publicly held corporation, at least in the short run, ma)have an incentive to plaj with its books to show highei profits. That incentive, of course, is a highei stock value.What is the incentive of the federal government to present the equivalent—rosy ten-year projections for the federal budget?
If you compared ten-yeai federal government budget projections ovei time with what actually happened, whal do you think you would disc ovei ?
Until 1917, every time the U.S. Treasury wanted to issue any bonds (borrow any money) on behalf of the federal goyernment, it had to ask Congress for permission. In that year, Congress switched to our current system in which Congress sets a "debt ceiling" every few years: as long as the total
If von were running a large business, would you necess.nih want to eliminate .ill of your debt if you were making profits every year? (HINT: Virtuall) ever) public l\ held U.S.company has outstanding corporate debt, even alter years and years of profitability.)
When you borrow, you have to pay interest on the borrowings.So, too, does the federal government. Who ultimately pays the interest on the U.S. net public debt?
I low does the political balance in favor of tax cuts versus tax increases change as the proportion of the populace who pays taxes changes? For example, would the balance of opinions in favor of a tax cut change if 96 percent ol taxes were paid h\ 96 percent of the people, compared to the current
How do members of Congress benefit from our complicated federal tax system? (HINT: To whom must those seeking tax exemptions or benefits go in order to get them enacted?)
Which groups in society would be hurt the most if we went to a simplified tax system that did not require much effort on the part of taxpayers to comply with it?
The Jobs & Growth Tax Relief and Reconciliation Act of 2003 lowered federal taxes in a variety of ways. A tew of these ways include (i) a one-time tax rebate, unrelated to current or future income; (ii) a reduction in marginal income tax rates applicable to people at all levels of income;and (iii)
Sometimes Congress passes tax cuts that won't go into effect until many years in the future. Do you believe that such future tax cuts have any effect on the economy today?Why or why not?
When Congress analyzes proposed federal tax cuts, it often issues statements that such cuts will cost the U.S. Treasury so many billions of dollars per year. Is this analysis the same as when a corporation estimates how much it will cost to institute a new environmental program? Why or why not?
Analyze how each of the hypothetical polic) changes listed below would affect people's decision to retire. Would the change induce people to retire soonei i later?a. an ii x lease in the age at whit h one ( aw receive lull So< lal Security benefits (currently ages 65 to 67, depending on the \ o.u
People over the age of 65 have been highl) successful in protecting and enhancing the real benefits the) receive horn So< i.il Sec uiity. All ol this has i our- at the expense of other people in society, particular!) young people. What do you think explains the ahilit\ ol older people to win
Where has all ol the Social Security mone) gone?
Although federal taxes were cut twice between 2001 and 2005, federal spending rose over that span, so the amount of debt owed by the federal government increased. What does this higher level of debt imply about the likely tax burden of the federal government in the future?
Why do you think governments in general, not only in the United States, have a tendency to grow, expressed as a percentage of total GDP?
The Tax Foundation estimates that the direct tax burden of government actually dropped significantly between 2000 and 2004, chiefly due to federal tax cuts in 2003. Based on what you have read above, do you believe that this decline will continue in the future? Why or why not?
7)0 pei gallon. At this ceiling pine, there will be an excess demand fol gasoline. Assume th.it this excess demand is rationed h\ waiting in line. II the typical person has to stand in line lor an hour to purchase ten gallons ol gas, and if that persons time is worth $10 per hour, what is the/////
Suppose the equilibrium price t gasoline i^ $2.00 per gallon and that at this price, the average person pun hases ten gallons on each visit to the gas station. Now assume that the maximum lawful price foi gasoline is setb) the government at S
What effect docs a maximum price have when the market price is /rss than the maximum legal price?
What happens to the average true
During the 1990s, the federal government reduced the average maun it) ol its debt obligations, replai ing longer maturity debts with shorter m.it 1 1 1 it \ debts. | I he matmitx ol a debt is the length of time between when the mone) is borrowed and when the amount must he paid hack.) What has this
In light ol your answer to the preceding question, what keeps governments From escalating inflation rates ever higher and higher?
If inflation is so (stl\. wh\ do you suppose it is so commonpl.K e iii model tl SOI iel i(
How might the effects of deflation differ depending on whether people were surprised by the deflation or the)fully expected it ahead of time? For example, how might interest rates differ depending on whether or not the deflation is expected ahead of time? In a world where inflation is the norm, how
Based on what you have read in the papers and elsewhere, do you think people in the early 2000s thought that deflation was going to occur due to rapidly rising output or to restrictive monetary policy? What evidence can you cite to support your view?
If the deflation during the 1930s had not been accompanied by so much unemployment, would people today be as concerned about deflation as some of them seem to be?Does this suggest that those people are unable to distinguish between the two different sources of deflation? Or does it mean that they
Analyze how each of the following major policies might affect people's retirement decisions: (i) the provision of government-subsidized health-care benefits to all retirees;(ii) an increase in the real value of Social Security benefits paid to retirees; (iii) a law permitting employers to
In general, people who are more productive earn higher incomes and thus pay higher taxes. How would a change in our immigration laws that favored more highly educated and skilled individuals affect today's American college students?Would the admission of better-educated immigrants tend to raise or
It is believed that much of the increase in the number of people collecting SSDI has resulted from decisions by workers at the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) to make it easier to qualify for benefits. How are the disability rules set by SSA workers likely to change depending on
To what extent do you believe that the existence of unemployment benefits increases the duration of unemployment and consequently the unemplovment rate? (HINT: Use demand analysis and opportunitv cost.)
Examine the data from the last six recessions. (Good sources for data are http://wwwaiber.oro cycles recessions.html and http://www.bea.doc-.gov, and Imp: /www.globalindicators.org.) Rank them on the basis of both duration and severity.The first is easy; the second is more difficult: Is it possible
Do you think that voters care more about whether the NBER says the economy is in a state of recession or whether they and their friends and family members are currently employed in good jobs? Why do politicians make a big deal over whether the economy is "officially" in a recession or an expansion?
In 2004, International Business Machines Corporation(IBM) stated that it expected to save almosl S17 million annually starting in 2006 b\ shifting several thousand highpaying programming jobs overseas. 1 xplain whj IBM would undertake- this move. I lien explain the short-run a\m\ Ionrun effects of
What, if any, differences exist between competition among service workers across the fift) states and competition among service workers across nations?
What is the impact of immigration on the suppl) of labor in(i) the immigrants' originating countries, and lii) their destination country? [s ii possible that immigration could leave wage rates in the originating m\(\ destination countries unchanged? More generally, what would you expect to happen
Does it matter whether a potential immigrant wishes to emigrate to the United States for political reasons—to avoid repression at home—or for economic reasons? In other words, is the elle( i on our economy different depending on a potential immigrant's motivation for coming to live and work in
Why do man) labor union leaders argue in favoi ol restricting immigration?
Presumably, the tesidc-nts of China ate- consumers of goods as well as producers of them. I Icnce. .is growth takes place in China, not onlj will the worldwide supph of someg increase, so. too. will the worldwide demand foi other goods. What impai I will Chinese econorhi* growth have on the prices
In 1989, a massive protest against political repression in China was halted h\ the- government's massacre
Currently, AIDS is spreading rapidrj in China, larger) as a result of contaminated blood supplies. It the government fails to stop the- spread t AIDS, what are the likel\ consequences for future economic growth in China?
Analyze the economic consequences f outlawing the wheel, which was, after all, a majoi technological innovation.First, select some specifu markets and see how making the wheel illegal would (i) affect the demand and supply, and (ii) affect the economic well-being oi producers and consumers in those
Some people argue that a special government agency should assess, pass judgment on, a\^\ either permit or pievent the introduction ol all new tec hnological advan< es. Arc'there an) reasons t think a government agenc) would do a better job at this (that is. benefit humankind more) than the
If we want to obtain the maximum possible good for humankind, why is it important to take into account both the benefits and the costs i new technology, rather than simply focusing on one or the other?
Going to college in the United States raises average lifetime earnings by about two-thirds—given our current political and economic institutions. But suppose that the ownership of the added income created by your college education suddenly became uncertain. Specifically, suppose a law was passed
In light of your answer to the previous question, how do you explain the fact that in some countries there is widespread political support for government policies that expropriate resources from some groups for the purpose of handing them out to other groups?
Consider two countries, A and B, and suppose that both have identical physical endowments of, sav, iron ore. But in country A, any profits that are made from mining the ore are subject to confiscation by the government of A, while in country B, there is no such risk. How does the risk of
What countries ("parties") of the United Nations have signed on to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women? To learn more about who has (and, surprisingly, has not), visit www.un.org/womenwatchldaw/cedaw/.
What aspects of CEDAW do you think are the most controversial?Are there any areas where you would disagree with the wording in CEDAW?
Based on your readings on globalization and development, which of the articles in CEDA W seem most important for women in developing nations?
Reviewing the forms of discrimination and rights listed in articles in Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which would you consider the priority areas for women in the United States today? List four or five specific articles. Where have U.S. women
Is the quality of the environment a feminist issue? Is government regulation of markets a feminist issue? Why or why not?
What was Polanyi's "great transformation"? What does Beneria think is the role of feminism in the next "great transformation"?
How does globalization improve the lives of women in developing countries? How does it make their lives more difficult? Compare your responses with what you know about the impact of industrialization on women in the United States.
Summarize the differences between neoclassical and institutionalist approaches to globalization and the role of markets in the international economy. How does a feminist perspective on globalization and international labor standards differ from more traditional perspectives?
Write a sample "Letter to the Editor" to your local newspaper making a case for paid family leave that would resonate with both business executives and legislators.
"Do the Q." Calculate how much a full-time, year-round worker would earn at the current federal minimum wage. (You may need to make assumptions about what constitutes year-round, full-time work.) Compare this annual amount with the poverty lines for families of different sizes. Poverty thresholds
"Do the Q." Poverty rates and poverty lines are set by the U.S. Census Bureau, a division of the Department of Commerce. Go to the Census Bureau web site at www.census.govlhhes/www/poverty.htmI to compare the most recent poverty rates by demographic group.The publication is titled "Poverty in the
How many states have set their state minimum wage higher than the federal minimum wage? Is your state's minimum higher than the federal standard? To investigate, visit the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment Standards Administration's web site at www.dol.gov/esaiwelcome.htmI. Click on State
Some policy proposals focus on integrating women into the labor market on the same terms as men (equality) while others seek recognition for women's traditional contributions (difference). How do we strike a balance between these two goals?
The United States is one of the few industrialized countries that does not offer paid leave for caring for new infants or other family members. How has this affected women workers?
What are the arguments for and against a comparable worth policy?Why do neoclassical economists oppose comparable worth and institutionalists support it?
In seeking to improve women's labor market prospects, why is focusing on curing child poverty relevant and important?
Suggest three specific ways in which an increase in the federal minimum wage would disproportionately help employed women and people of color.
Albelda and Tilly argue that "poverty, not single motherhood, is the problem." Explain and evaluate this statement.
Discuss ways in which the study of supermarket employees by Tolich and Briar reveals issues of:a. intraoccupational segregationb. informal discriminationc. gender culture and stereotypes
Feminists have criticized how mainstream models define as well as measure discrimination. Summarize this critique. Given this starting point, what makes a feminist perspective different from a mainstream one, and why would such an approach be interdisciplinary?
Does a heterodox perspective allow a role for the government and public policy in alleviating discrimination? Explain.
What roles do skill and technological change play in heterodox approaches to discrimination?
Explain how Shulman's four concepts of organizational adaptation, distributional incentives, flexibility, and positive feedback might be applied to either (a) the example of the motor bus industry in Section 4 or (b) King's discussion of black women's entry into clerical occupations.
In a heterodox or political economy perspective on discrimination, why might occupational segregation or the wage gap persist, despite the intentions of "good employers," those who are committed to eradicating statistical discrimination?
One way to organize your thoughts about the various pieces that help to build a mainstream theory explaining the economic status of women is to complete the theory matrix provided on page 201.Can you distinguish among the three mainstream views on discrimination?
What kind of public policy to reduce the wage gap, if any, would be appropriate according to each of the three theories: (a) biological/human capital, (b) Becker's hypothesis, and (c) statistical discrimination?
Prior to 1964, classified or "Help Wanted" ads were segregated by sex. Advertisements read "Help Wanted: Male" or "Help Wanted:Female." While this is now illegal, are there ways that employers and business establishments can still preserve some categories of jobs for mostly men and others for
Has statistical discrimination ever played a role in the employment or wage/salary decision of any worker you know?

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Women And The Economy A Reader 1st Edition Ellen Mutari , Deborah M. Figart - Solutions

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