a. The successive ionisation energies of boron are shown in Table 3.3.

i. Why is there a large increase between the third and fourth ionisation energies?
ii. Explain how these figures confirm that the electronic structure of boron is 2, 3.

b. For the element aluminium (Z = 13), draw aB sketch graph to predict the log10 of the successive ionisation energies (y-axis) against the number of electrons removed (x-axis).

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lonisation 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th lonisation energy / kJ mol-1 799 2420 3660 25000 32800 Table 3.3 Successive ionisation energies of boron.