Since 2017, gender identity and gender expression have been prohibited grounds of discrimination in the Canadian Human Rights Actand in the human rights legislation of all Canadian provinces and territories.“Gender identity” is an individual’s sense of being a woman, a man, both, neither, or anywhere along the gender spectrum, which may be the same as or different from birth-assigned sex. “Gender expression” is how a person publicly expresses or presents their gender including behaviour, outward appearance such as dress, hair, make-up, body language, and voice, and chosen name and pronoun. What obligations do these prohibited grounds of discrimination impose on employers?