In part E of Example 16-2, a HETP value of \(2.15 \mathrm{ft}\) is calculated for the top of the enriching section. Since the average error in individual mass transfer coefficients \(\mathrm{k}_{\mathrm{y}}\) and \(\mathrm{k}_{\mathrm{x}}\) can be \(\pm 24.4 \%\) (Wankat and Knaebel, 2019), calculate the range of HETP values at the top of the column (m \(=0.63\) ) and for a geometric average of \(\mathrm{m}\) over the enriching section ( \(\mathrm{m}\) \(=0.577)\). Determine the safety factor that should be used compared to the \(2.15 \mathrm{ft}\) originally calculated.

Example 16-2

Example 4-3

Example 16-1

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Estimate values of HG and H for the distillation in Examples 4-3 and 16-1 using 2.0-in. metal Pall rings.