An electron with an initial velocity of 3.1 ? 10⁶ m/s enters a parallel-plate capacitor at an angle of 40? through a small hole in the bottom plate as shown in Figure P17.91.?

(a) If the plates are separated by a distance d = 2.4 cm, what minimum electric field must be present to prevent the electron from hitting the top plate??

(b) Which plate must have the positive charge? Assume there is a vacuum between the plates.

Figure P17.91

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d