Increasing a cache’s associativity (with all other parameters kept constant), statistically reduces the miss rate. However, there can be pathological cases where increasing a cache’s associativity would increase the miss rate for a particular workload. Consider the case of direct mapped compared to a two-way set associative cache of equal size. Assume that the set associative cache uses the LRU replacement policy. To simplify, assume that the block size is one word. Now construct a trace of word accesses that would produce more misses in the two-way associative cache. (Focus on constructing a trace of accesses that are exclusively directed to a single set of the two-way set associative cache, such that the same trace would exclusively access two blocks in the direct-mapped cache.)