Although the throughput calculation of a CSMA/CD is really involved, we can calculate the maximum throughput of a slotted CSMA/CD with the specification we described in the previous problem. We found that the average number of contention slots a station needs to wait is k = e slots. With this assumption, the throughput of a slotted CSMA/CD is

S = (T_fr)/(time the channel is busy for a frame)

The time the channel is busy for a frame is the time to wait for a free slot plus the time to transmit the frame plus the propagation delay to receive the good news about the lack of collision. Assume the duration of a contention slot is 2 × (T_p) and a = (T_p)/(T_fr). The parameter a is the number of frames that occupy the transmission media. Find the throughput of a slotted CSMA/CD in terms of the parameter a.