Figure 30.12 shows a router using FIFO queuing at the input port.

The arrival and required service times for seven packets are shown below; t_imeans that the packet has arrived or departed i ms after a reference time. The values of required service times are also shown in ms. We assume the transmission time is negligible.

Figure 30.12

a. Using time lines, show the arrival time, the process duration, and the departure time for each packet. Also show the contents of the queue at the beginning of each millisecond.
b. For each packet, find the time spent in the router and the departure delay with respect to the previously departed packet.
c. If all packets belong to the same application program, determine whether the router creates jitter for the packets.

Arrival Processor Departure Packets 1 3 4 6 7 Arrival time to 12 t6 17 1 14 t5 Required service time 1 3 3 2. 1.