For the following, assume that no data compression is done; this would in practice almost never be the case. For (a)–(c), calculate the bandwidth necessary for transmitting in real-time:

(a) video at a resolution of 640×480, 3 bytes/pixel, 30 frames/second.

(b) 160 × 120 video, 1 byte/pixel, 5 frames/second.

(c) CD-ROM music, assuming one CD holds 75 minutes’ worth and takes 650 MB.

(d) Assume a fax transmits an 8 × 10-inch black-and-white image at a resolution of 72 pixels per inch. How long would this take over a 14.4-kbps modem?