Business Data Networks and Security 11th Edition Raymond R. Panko, Julia L. Panko - Solutions

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Give a non-network example of hierarchical addressing, and discuss how it reduces the amount of work needed in physical delivery. Do not use the postal service, or the telephone network.
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Redo Figure 9-20 for transport mode.
a.Voice over IP and Video over IP.17a1.C.Both A and B17a2.A.Always
In VoIP, which of the following is transport or signaling:a. SIP: Signalingb. The delivery of voice between users: Transportc. RTP: Transportd. Call setup: Signalinge. CODEC data? Transport
Consult the Wikipedia Webpage April Fools' Day Request for Comments (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day_Request_for_Comments). Select one of the R F Cs listed on the page and write a paragraph on its claimed purpose.
a. Continuing the analysis of the IDS query in Figure A-26, scrutinize Events 10 and 11. You need to know that the Trivial File Transfer Protocol is a way to download a file from a remote computer without logging in. What do these two records suggest.21a.) In IDS log files, relevant events are
a. What do firewalls do that IDSs do not?20a.) ______ stop definite attack packets.a. Firewallsb. IDSsc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. What do IDSs do that firewalls do not?20b.) ______ focus on suspicious packets.a. Firewallsb. IDSsc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bc .Compare what is
a. What is the advantage of real-time fail-over with synchronized data centers?19a.) Real-time fail-over with synchronized data centers ______.a. is expensiveb. minimizes downtimec. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Why is it expensive?
a. What is the definition of a major incident?b. What group handles a major incident?17b.) Major incidents are handled by the ________.a. On-duty staffb. CSIRTc. Outside consultantd. FBIc. What characteristics should its leader have?17c.) CSIRT leaders should come from ________.a. An outside crisis
a. Distinguish between desktop exercises and live exercises in CSIRT rehearsals.18a.) CSIRTs rehearse an incident by talking about what should be done without actually doing in_______.a. Simulationsb. Live rehearsalsc. Desktop rehearsals (also called tabletop rehearsals)d. All of the aboveb. Why
a. What are the two types of normal incidents?16a.) Which of the following is a normal incident?a. A false alarmb. A major security breachc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Who handles normal incidents?16b.) Normal incidents are handled by the ________.a. On-duty staffb. CSIRTc. Outside
a. What are the three names for successful attacks?15a1.) Successful attacks are called ______.a. Breachesb. Compromisesc. Bothd. Neither15a2.) Successful attacks are called ______.a. Incidentsb. Countermeasuresc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. What are the two keys to fast and effective
a. Distinguish between firewall policies and firewall ACL rules.14a.) The statement that people in quality control should have access to robots on the shop floor is an example of a firewall _______.a. Policyb. DMZc. ACL ruled. Procedureb. After a firewall administrator sends a policy to the policy
a. Compare the specificity of policies, implementation guidance, and implementation.13a.) Implementation guidance is less specific than _____.a. Policiesb. Implementationc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Distinguish between standards and guidelines.13b.) Compliance with _____ is mandatory.a.
a. Why is oversight important?12a.) Policies should drive ________.a. Implementationb. Oversightc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. List the three types of oversight described in the text.12b.) Oversight activities include ________.a. Vulnerability testingb. Creating guidelinesb. Both A and Bc.
a. What is a policy?11a.) A policy specifies _______.a. What should be doneb. How to do itc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Distinguish between policy and implementation.11b.) Which of the following specifies what should be done?a. Policiesb. Implementationc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bc. Why
a. What is an organizational system?10a.) Security must be considered at the level of ________.a. Information systemsb. Organizational systemsc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Why is it necessary to train employees in security relevant to their jobs?c. Distinguish between procedures and
a. Why is it important to segment networks into multiple security domains?9a.) Companies should have ________ for each site.a. Multiple security domainsb. A single security domainc. At least two D M Zsd. Multiple D M Zsb. How is this done for public-facing servers?9b.) DMZs are places for
a. How does a company address the problem of changing login credentials and permissions on various servers for an employee when he or she moves to a different department?8a.) To address uniformity of credentials verification throughout a large company, credentials verification information is
a. Distinguish between authentication and authorizations.7a1.) A user is allowed to edit files in a particular directory. This is an example of ________. (Select the most specific answer.)a. Authenticationb. Authorizationsc. Defense in depthd. Network segregation7a2.) If someone has been properly
a. Why must companies identify single points of takeover?6a.) A central firewall management program that pushes changes to firewalls is ________. (Select the most specific answer.)a. A weakest linkb. Defense in depthc. A single point of takeoverd. Risk analysis thinkingb. What must companies do
a. What is comprehensive security?4a.) Attackers only need to find a single weakness to break in. Consequently, companies must _________.a. Have comprehensive securityb. Have insurancec. Do risk analysisd. Only give minimum permissionsb. Why is it important?4b.) A building with some unlocked
a. What is defense in depth?5a.) An attacker must break through two firewalls to get to a host. This illustrates the principle called ________. (Select the most specific answer.)a. Comprehensive securityb. Risk assurancec. Weakest link protectiond. Defense in depthb. Why is defense in depth
a. Comment on the statement, “The goal of security is to eliminate risk.”3a.) The goal of security is to eliminate risk.a. Trueb. Falseb. What is risk analysis?3b.) Balancing threats against protection costs is called _______.a. Economic justificationb. Risk analysisc. Comprehensive securityd.
a. What security mistake did Fazio Mechanical Services make?1a.) The Target attackers probably first broke into Target using the credentials of a(n) ________.a. Low-level Target employeeb. Target IT employeec. Target security employeed. Employee in a firm outside Targetb. Why do you think it did
a. What happens in each stage of the Plan–Protect–Respond cycle?2a.) Firewall operation takes place during the _______ phase.a. Planb. Protectc. Responsed. None of the aboveb. Which stage consumes the most time?2b.) Which phase of the plan-protect-respond cycle takes the largest amount of
a. Does Tor try to achieve confidentiality for the original message?24a.) Tor provides confidentiality _________.a. Only between the source host and the first Tor routerb. All the way to the destination hostc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Does Tor try to achieve anonymity for the original
a. What service or services does Skype provide?23a.) Skype provides _______.a. Voice over IPb. Video over IPc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. List and define Skype’s three main elements.23b.) In which VoIP phase does Skype use a server instead of service directly between peers?a. Signalingb.
a. What is the promise of P2P applications?22a.) Which of the following is considered a bigger problem with traditional client/server based architectures than with peer-to-peer architectures?a. Underutilized processing capacity of client PCsb. Potential for essential data/services to become
a. In a VoIP traffic transport packet, what does the data field contain?21a.) In VoIP traffic, the data field in a signaling packet usually carries codec data.a. Trueb. Falseb. What standards are for transport?21b.) For the transport layer, VoIP uses _________ for transport transmission.a. TCPb.
a. Is SIP a signaling protocol or a transport protocol?20a.) SIP is a ________ protocol for VoIP.a. Signalingb. Transportc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Describe how SIP initiates a communication session.20b.) The SIP invite is transmitted to the ________.a. Called party's SIP proxy serverb.
a. What are the two options for VoIP clients?19a.) Telephones that can plug directly into a VoIP network are called PCs with multimedia hardware and added software.a. Trueb. Falseb. What are the functions of media gateways?19b1.) A media gateway connects a client computer or VoIP phone to the VoIP
a. What two things do CODECs do?18a.) Speech codecs _______.a. Translate human voice signals into digital signals for transmissionb. Translate human voice signals into analog signals for transmissionc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. What is reduced when CODEC transmission is compressed?18b.)
a. If a message sender uses SSL/TLS when it sends a message, how is protection likely to be limited?16a.) When an e-mail user encrypts an outgoing message with SSL/TLS, how far will this encryption extend?a. To the sender's e-mail serverb. To the receiver's e-mail serverc. To the receiver's
a. Text messages are limiting, but they introduced an important innovation. What was it?b. How can e-mail deliver content suitable for specific applications, such as word processing programs?c. What is the state of graphics in e-mail bodies today?d. Why is UNICODE good?15d.) E-mail bodies that have
a. In traditional e-mail, when the receiver’s e-mail client downloads new mail from its mail host, what standard is it likely to use?14a.) A traditional e-mail user retrieving messages from his or her mail server could use _______.a. IMAPb. HTTPc. HTMLd. SMTPd. What standard is used for
a. In traditional e-mail, when a client sends a message to its mail host, what standard does it use?13a.) In traditional e-mail, when a client sends a message to its mail host, what standard does it use?a. HTTPb. HTMLc. SMTPd. FTPb. Which standard is used for this in Web-based e-mail?13b.) In
a. Which tends to have a data field, HTTP request or response messages?12a.) Which tends to have a data field?a. An HTTP request messageb. An HTTP response messagec. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. What is the first line called in an HTTP request message?12b.) The first line in an HTTP request
a. You are downloading a webpage that has six graphics and two sound clips. How many request–response cycles will be needed?11a.) How many HTTP request-response cycles are needed to transfer a webpage containing three graphics images?a. 1b. 2c. 3d. None of the aboveb. Which file will be
a. What are the two major sets of standards for the World Wide Web?10a1.) Which of the following is a file format standard?a. HTMLb. HTTPc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor B10a2.) Which of the following is a file transfer standard?a. HTMLb. HTTPc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. How do they differ?
a. How is cloud computing affecting networking?9a.) On networks, cloud computing is increasing the need for _______.a. Sudden changes in trafficb. Reliabilityc. Controlled latencyd. All of the aboveb. Why is latency a problem for artificial intelligence?9b.) In cloud computing, latency is important
a. What concerns do customers have about cloud security?8a.) Cloud customers are concerned that _______.a. Their data might be hackedb. The government may access their data secretlyc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor B
a. With cloud services for clients, what happens when a user moves from one physical client device to another?7a.) When a cloud client customer moves from one client machine to another, _______.a. The same data files are availableb. The same application software personalization is in effectc. Both
a. What is a CSP? (Do not just spell out the acronym.)6a.) CSP s often offer _______.a. ISP serviceb. LaaS servicec. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Distinguish between IaaS CSPs and SaaS CSPs.6b.) Which type of service manages application software for users?a. LaaSb. SaaSc. Both A and Bd. Neither
a. Distinguish between physical servers and virtual machines.5a.) A ______ may have multiple ______.a. Physical server; virtual machinesb. Virtual machine; physical serversc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. What can be done with virtual machines that would be difficult to do with physical
a. Why does Netflix make many transcoded versions of each movie?4a.) Netflix transcoding is based on _______.a. Network speedb. The user’s display device characteristicsc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Why is the Netflix recommendation system critical?c. For what applications does Netflix use
a. Why is reflecting a user’s input dangerous?3a.) When you login to a website and it responds by saying, “Hello your name,” this primarily creates a _______ problem.a. Securityb. Privacyc. User interfaced. Networkb. What attitude should programmers have about user input?3b.) A lesson of XSS
Skype uses super nodes, which do more work than ordinary P2P nodes. How do you think nodes become super nodes? There is nothing in the text that will help you with this question. Think broadly in terms of what costs P2P computing imposes on network peers.
a. Why are hackers now focusing on taking over applications?2a.) Typically, the most common way for an attacker to get extensive privileges on a computer is to ________.a. Take over an application programb. Take over the operating systemc. Take over a computer's hardwared. Privilege escalation
The sender uses HTTP to transmit mail. What standard or standards will the receiver use to download the message?
a. What is a networked application?1a.) A networked application is an application that requires a network to operate.a. Trueb. Falseb. What is an application architecture?1b.) The way in which application layer functions are spread among computers to deliver service to users is called ________.a.
a. Where are WAN optimization devices found?18a.) WAN optimization devices are deployed ______.a. At the ends of leased linesb. By the telephone carrierc. By the MPLS carrierd. By the ISPb. List the four mechanisms we discussed for optimizing transmission over a transmission link.18b.) Which of the
a. In MPLS, is selecting the best interface for each packet at each router done when the packet enters the network or before?17a.) In MPLS, the router interface to send the packet back out will be decided _________.a. During the router's routing processb. Before the first data packet is sentc. By a
a. Why is it attractive for companies to use Layer 2 and Layer 3 WAN services offered by carriers?16a.) Compared to the Internet, Layer 2 and Layer 3 carrier WAN services usually _________.a. Offer QoS guaranteesb. Require less management labor in the customer organizationc. Both A and Bd. Neither
a. If you need a speed of 1.2 Mbps between two corporate sites, what leased line would you specify in the United States and in Europe?15a1.) T1 leased lines run at a speed of about _______.a. 250 kbpsb. 1 Mbpsc. 10 Mbpsd. 45 Mbps15a2.) You need a speed of 1.2 M b p s between two corporate sites in
a. When a customer uses a leased line to connect to its ISP, what two points does the leased line connect?14.) A customer's leased line to its ISP connects to the ISP's __________.a. POPb. Terminal pointc. CSU/DSUd. Interface
a. What are the characteristics of leased lines?13a.) Leased lines offer ________ service.a. Fastb. Any-to-anyc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Distinguish between leased lines and access lines.13b.) Which lines run from one customer premise to another?a. Leased linesb. Access linesc. Both A and
a. What does “G” stand for in cellular telephony?12a.) In cellular technology, G stands for ________.a. Goodnessb. Gradec. Ground waved. Generationb. Which generation first brought decent Web access?12b.) Decent data transmission for Web surfing began with ________ technology.a. 1Gb. 2Gc.
a. What factors affect what throughput an individual user will receive?11a.) Which of the following affects what cellular throughput an individual user will receive?a. Being in a moving carb. Being far from the cell sitec. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor B
a. Why does cellular telephony use cells?10a.) If a cell site uses Channel 237, which other cell sites can reuse the channel?a. Adjacent cell sitesb. Cell sites one beyond adjacent cellsc. Cell sites two beyond adjacent cellsd. No other cell sites.b. What is the benefit of channel reuse?10b.) Cells
a. In cellular technology, what is a cell?9a.) In cellular technology, a ________ is a small geographical area.a. Cellb. Cellsitec. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. What is a cell site?9b.) In cellular technology, the carrier antenna and equipment to which mobile customers connect directly is
a. What are the important things to consider when deciding between ADSL and cable modem service for your residence?b. In the past, how has ADSL compared to cable modem service?8b.) Compared to ADSL service, cable modem traditionally has been _______.a. Faster and more expensiveb. Faster and less
a. What transmission media do cable television companies use?7a.) For their transmission medium, cable television companies primarily use _________.a. 2-pair VG UTP cablingb. 2-pair DG UTP cablingc. Coaxial cabled. 4-pair UTPb. Why is coaxial cable called “coaxial?”7b.) In coaxial cable, the
a. Does residential DSL offer simultaneous voice and data service?6a.) DSL offers ________.a. Voice transmissionb. Data transmissionc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Why is asymmetric speed acceptable in residential ADSL service?6b1.) DSL residential service provides _________.a. Symmetric
a. Why is the PSTN important in WAN data transmission?5a.) How do WAN carriers typically get their trunk lines?a. They construct them.b. They lease them from telephone companies.c. They use wireless transmission.d. They use the Internet.b. What is the local loop?5b.) In the telephone system, the
a. What two wired WAN technologies are growing rapidly?b. Compare their relative attractions and main uses.c. Why will leased lines continue to be important even if networks of leased lines are no longer used?
a. List the three basic components of wide area networks.b. Are access links wired or wireless?c. What is CPE?4c.) Which of the following does the carrier NOT own?a. The network coreb. Customer premises equipmentc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bd. What are the two common business uses for carrier
In ADSL service, there is a single UTP pair running from the end office switch to the individual household. In cable in the neighborhood is shared by many subscribers. Yet, typically, cable modem service provides faster service to individual customers than ADSL. How can this be? Hint: Draw a
a. Why do MANs have higher typical speeds than broader-scope WANs?3a.) MAN speeds are faster than WAN speeds. This is because of ________.a. Technological limitationsb. Regulatory limitationsc. Slow corporate adoption of newer WAN technologiesd. Economic reasonsb. Are LANs single networks or
If you have a network of leased lines, you have options for how many sites you connect. Sites can communicate directly or through intermediate sites. a. In a full mesh, every pair of sites will be directly linked by a leased line. If there are N sites, there will be N*(N−1)/2
a. Why are typical WAN speeds slower than typical LAN speeds? Give a clear and complete argument.2a1.) Which of the following usually offer higher speeds?a. LANsb. WANsc. Both A and B are about equal in typical speeds.2a2.) LAN speeds are faster than WAN speeds. This is because of _______.a.
Distinguish between dial-up telephone service you use as a consumer and leased line services used in business.
a. Distinguish between LANs and WANs.1a.) A network that runs on the customer premises is a _______.a. LANb. WANc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. What are rights of way?1b.) Which of the following receive rights of way for transmission beyond sites?a. Corporationsb. Carriersc. Both A and Bd.
a. List the strengths of IP sec compared to SSL/TLS.19a.) Which has stronger security?a. SSL/TLSb. IP secc. Both have about equal security.b. What is the attraction of SSL/TLS compared to IP sec?19b.) Which is less expensive to implement?a. SSL/TLSb. IP secc. Both cost about the same to
a. What are the two stages in IP sec protection?b. What standard is used in the first stage?18b.) The first stage of IP sec uses the _________ protocol.a. SSL/TLSb. AESc. IKEd. SHAc. In which stage is the SA negotiated?18c.) The SA is negotiated in the _________.a. IKE phaseb. IP sec protection
a. Distinguish between cryptographic methods and options.17a.) SLAs define ________.a. Cryptographic methodsb. Cryptographic optionsc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. What is an SA?17b.) In IP sec, agreements about how security will be done are called ________.a. Tranchesb. Security contractsc.
a. What are the three added fields when IP sec ESP is used?16a.) Which of the following is used in ESP?a. ESP headerb. ESP trailerc. Integrity check valued. All of the aboveb. What do they surround in transport mode for IPv4?16b.) In transport mode, ESP fields surround an IPv4 packet’s
a. What three types of VPN do IP sec support?15a.) IP sec is used for ________ VPNs.a. Remote-accessb. Site-to-sitec. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. What nonhost device is a terminating point in site-to-site VPNs and host-to-site (remote access) VPNs?15b.) In remote access VPNs, IP sec has an
a. For what general class of messages at what layer is ICMP used?13a.) ICMP is used for ________.a. Error messagesb. Configuration messagesc. Routing messagesd. None of the aboveb. Distinguish between ICMP error advisement and control messages.13b.) Ping is for ______ messages.a. Error
a. How does IP sec provide a great deal of protection?14a.) IP sec protects ______ layer content.a. data linkb. applicationc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Why do we focus on ESP and not on AH?14b.) Which of the following is more widely used?a. ESPb. AHc. Both are about equally widely
a. What is the purpose of dynamic routing protocols?12a.) Dynamic ________ protocols allow routers to transmit routing table information to one another.a. Routingb. Transportc. Synchronizationd. None of the aboveb. For its own network, can an organization choose its interior dynamic routing
a. Explain the difference between managed devices and objects.11a1.) In SNMP, the manager communicates directly with a(n) _______.a. Managed deviceb. Agentc. Objectd. Access point11a2.) Which of the following would be an SNMP object?a. Number of rows in routing tableb. A managed switchc. Both A and
a. What four pieces of configuration information does a DHCP server typically provide?10a.) ADHCP server provides a client with __________.a. One or more IP addresses for it to useb. The IP address of one or more DNS serversc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor Bb. Why is it useful to configure a client
a. Does a DNS server have one record for a particular domain (including a host), or does it have more than one?9a.) For a particular domain name, a DNS server will have _______.a. A single recordb. Multiple recordsc. Two records—one for IPv4 and one for IPv6d. Any of the above.b. What is the
Your computer sends a DNS request message to your local DNS server. After an unusually long time, your computer receives a DNS response message that the host name in your request message does not exist. This is a host you use every day.a. List problems that may have happened and comment on their
After you get a second-level domain name, what more must you do to have a working website for your company?
a. Is the Domain Name System only used to send back IP addresses for given host names? Explain.8a1.) The domain name system ________.a. is a way to find a host's IP addresses if your computer only knows the host's host nameb. is a general naming system for the Internetc. Both A and Bd. Neither A
a. What field in an IPv6 global uni-cast address corresponds to the network part of an IPv4 address?3a1.) Which is NOT one of the three parts of a public IPv6 uni-cast address?a. Subnet IDb. Routing prefixc. Host partd. All of the above are parts in a public IPv6 uni-cast address.3a2.) The routing
a. What field in a global uni-cast IP address corresponds to the host part of an IPv4 address?4a.) The part of an IPv6 global uni-cast address that designates the host is called the ________.a. Host partb. Interface IDc. Routing prefixd. None of the aboveb. How long is this field?4b.) In an IPv6
a. What server will your local DNS server contact if it does not know the IP address of a host?7a.) If your local DNS server does not know the host name of an IP address, it will get the address from a(n) ________.a. Root DNS serverb. Proxy DNS serverc. Authoritative DNS serverd. None of the
a. Describe NAT operation.6a.) _______ is the process of presenting external IP addresses that are different from internal IP addresses used within the firm.a. DNSb. NATc. DHCPd. None of the above6a.) In NAT, the _______ creates new external source IP addresses and port numbers.a. Routerb.
a. What are the three ranges of private IP addresses?b. If a firm chooses 10.x.x.x for its internal IP addresses, how many hosts can it have internally?c. Repeat for 192.168.x.x.d. Repeat for 172.16.x.x through 172.31.x.x. (This is a 20-bit block.)
Should you use canonical text representation (RFC 5952) to reduce the modified EUI-64 interface ID by itself, or should you do it only for the entire IPv6 address?
A firm is assigned the network part 128.171. It selects a 10-bit subnet part.a. Draw the bits for the four octets of the IP address of the first host on the first subnet.b. Convert this answer into dotted decimal notation. c. Draw the bits for the second host on the third subnet. (In binary, 2
A firm is assigned the network part 128.171. It selects an 8-bit subnet part.a. Write the bits for the four octets of the IP address of the first host on the first subnet.b. Convert this answer to dotted decimal notation. (If you have forgotten how to do this, it was covered in Chapter 1.)c.
Assume that an average SNMP response message is 100 bytes long. Assume that a manager sends 4,000 SNMP Get commands each second.a. What percentage of a 1 Gbps LAN link’s capacity would the resulting response traffic represent?b. What percentage of a 10 Mbps WAN link would the response messages
Both DNS servers and DHCP servers send your client PC an IP address. What is different about these two addresses?
a. Your firm has an 8-bit network part. If you need at least 250 subnets, what must your subnet part size be?2a.) In IP subnet planning, you need to have at least 130 subnets. How large should your subnet part be?a. 6b. 7c. 8d. None of the aboveb. Continuing the last question part, how many hosts

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Business Data Networks and Security 11th Edition Raymond R. Panko, Julia L. Panko - Solutions

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