The Boston Consulting Group identified the world’s 50 most innovative companies. The rankings are based on a survey of senior executives, as well as financial metrics such as total shareholder return (a measure that incorporates stock price change and dividends). The top five companies in the most recent rankings were Apple, Google, Tesla, Microsoft, and Amazon.

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What are the issues to consider in calculating the return on investment (ROI), residual income (RI), and economic value added (EVA®) for a highly innovative company?