Current generation CPUs include an instruction cache, which caches recently used instructions. A function call then has a significant overhead because the set of instructions being executed changes, resulting in cache misses on the instruction cache.

a. Explain why producer-driven pipelining with buffering is likely to result in a better instruction cache hit rate, as compared to demand-driven pipelining.

b. Explain why modifying demand-driven pipelining by generating multiple results on one call to next(), and returning them together, can improve the instruction cache hit rate.