21. In Original Source 2 on the CD, “Development and initial validation of the Hangover Symptoms Scale: Prevalence and correlates of hangover symptoms in college students,” one of the questions was how many times respondents had experienced at least one hangover symptom in the past year. Table 3 of the paper (page 1445) shows that out of all 1216 respondents, 40% answered that it was two or fewer times. Suppose the researchers are interested in the proportion of the population who would answer that it was two or fewer times.

Can they conclude that this population proportion is significantly less than half (50% or 0.5)? Go through the four steps of hypothesis testing for this situation.