4. The journal article reporting the experiment described in Case Study 21.1 (see Thys-Jacobs et al., 1998, in Chapter 21) compared the placebo and calciumtreated groups for a number of PMS symptoms, both before the treatment began

(baseline) and in the third cycle. A p-value was given for each comparison. For each of the following comparisons, state the null and alternative hypotheses and the appropriate conclusion:

a. Baseline, mood swings, p-value  0.484

b. Third cycle, mood swings, p-value  0.002

c. Third cycle, insomnia, p-value  0.213