Consider two sources of human capital accumulation—education and on-the-job training—and think about what factors might be conducive to each. In the education sphere, keep in mind the distinction between primary and higher education. Discuss what you might expect in the following societies.

(a) Societies in which individuals typically look after their ageing parents, compared to societies in which parents do not expect economic benefits from their children.

(b) Societies in which education is supplied by the free market, compared to societies in which the state is responsible for the provision of education.

(c) Societies in which a large proportion of the population is rural, and farming is typically carried out with the use of household labor.

(d) Societies in which employers cannot write long-run contracts with their employees.

(e) Societies in which individuals with high education can easily emigrate, and in which loans are often required for education.