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engineering
introduction to chemical engineering

Questions and Answers of Introduction To Chemical Engineering

You will remember from your chemistry classes that under the appropriate conditions, gases obey the “Perfect Gas Law” or “Ideal Gas Law:”Construct a spreadsheet to graph the volume of 1.0
Some of the most common sources of heat in a chemical plant are hot water and steam. The following questions explore the value of each of these as potential heat sources:a. Suppose that a hot water
What happens when heat is added to a saturated liquid? Does the addition of heat cause the temperature to change? Why,or why not?
A hot fluid flows inside a cylindrical pipe while a cold fluid flows along the outside of the pipe. Given the following data, what is the largest resistance to heat transfer? Hot fluid: Heat-transfer
A liquid stream contains 27 mole% species A dissolved in a solvent. In a steady-state process, the stream enters a reactor where 2/3 of the species A is converted to species B. The heat of reaction
As he watches you boil potatoes on the stove, your neighbor suggests that if you turn up the flame on the stove, the potatoes will cook faster because the water will be hotter. Is your neighbor
You have been assigned to design a heat exchanger to cool a gaseous process stream in a chemical plant. The stream (20 kg/s) enters at 431 K, has a heat capacity of 3.45 J/g°C, and needs to be
A heat exchanger is needed to heat a liquid process stream (flow = 10 kg/s, heat capacity = 3.0 kJ/kg°C) from 300°F to 425°F. The heat will be supplied by saturated steam on the shell side of the
Explain what a “runaway reaction” is and what strategy is used to prevent it.
A simple heat exchanger consists of a hot fluid flowing inside a tube and a cold fluid flowing around (outside) that tube. What heat-transfer mechanisms operate in the following phases of transfer?a.
The last section of this chapter describes the sizing of a heat exchanger to cool the neutralized acid stream from 49.9°C to 27°C using cooling water available at 15°C. That calculation assumed an
Which kind of steel would be the best candidate for a structural beam where a great deal of strength is needed: low-carbon steel, or high-carbon steel? Why?
For each of the following pairs of metals in contact in an aqueous solution, which metal will corrode?a. Iron and zincb. Iron and copper c. Gold and copperd. Iron and tin
One common tactic to prevent the corrosion of steel pipelines is to attach blocks of zinc or magnesium to the pipeline. How do these blocks protect the pipeline?
The structural beams of an offshore drilling rig are made of steel and are partially submerged in sea water. The submerged portions are observed to corrode, and your engineering assignment is to
From what you have read, why would brick be a popular outer cover for homes in geographical regions where the weather is harsh?
Steel has a modulus of elasticity of approximately 30 × 106 psi. A sample of steel originally 2.0 in long and with a crosssectional area of 0.196 in2 is elastically stretched using 10,000 lbƒ.
Various lightweight composite materials are being tested for possible use as structural columns in a space station. Small samples of each composite (cross-sectional area = Asample in units of in2)
In a process to make a polymer, you change the average chain length of the polymer by varying the reactor conditions in the process. After some trial runs, you find that the polymer initially
Why is a combination of feedback and feedforward control better than using either feedback or feedforward control alone?
Identify the controlled variable and the manipulated variable in the control loops represented in Figures 12.6a and 12.6b. HCI Tank NaOH Tank Control Valve a (CC) Mixer pH
For each of the following systems, identify the control mode as either feedback or feedforward, and identify the controlled variable and the manipulated variable:a. Thermostat in your home or
Each of the following activities has some aspects that exhibit feedback control and some that exhibit feedforward control. For each activity, describe at least one aspect that is feedback and one
A reactor in which an endothermic reaction takes place is held at constant temperature via a heating fluid circulated through a heating jacket around the reactor, as shown.a. Sketch a feedback
Consider a feedforward control loop to control the coolingwater flow rate in the acid-neutralization process.a. What disturbances might be important to anticipate in the controller?b. Design (sketch)
Water at 4◦C has a density of 1000 kg/m3. What is the equivalent value in units ofa. g/cm3?b. lbm/ft3?c. gmol/L? (as used in Example 4.5) EXAMPLE 4.5 SOLUTION For the acid-neutralization problem,
Perform the following conversions by determining the equivalent value of the given number in the new units indicated:a. 3.9 cm/s to mi/hrb. 177 lbm ƒt/min2 to kg cm/s2c. 47 ƒt3 to gald. 2560
“Pressure” was defined as force per area. In a particular situation, the pressure exerted on a certain surface is found to be 94,000 N/m2 = 94,000 kg/m s2. Identify the following parts of this
Using the material in the beginning of the textbook (after the table of contents and before Chapter 1), find and report the following:a. The meaning and dimensions of the symbol wƒ as used in this
A gas mixture has the following percentages by mass:N2: 70%O2: 14%CO: 4%CO2: 12%What are the mole percentages of the gases in the mixture?
The length of a specimen is determined and, in the cgs system, is represented as 3.2 cm. How would this same length be represented in the SI system?
As teams (organized in class or outside of class, depending on your instructor’s preference), discuss each of the following (each student should turn in a separate set of answers): Considering each
Classify the following as either batch or continuous processes, and indicate whether each is a steady-state or an unsteadystate process:a. A "surge tank" is used when a liquid is coming from one part
Which three physical sciences, along with mathematics, are used in chemical engineering?
Select one of the “achievements” listed in Table 1.2 and write a short essay (as defined above) describing the development of the achievement and the role that chemical engineering (or specific
A major challenge in our society is balancing governmental protection of our environment with protection of industries that contribute to our economy. Write a short essay (as defined above)
After reading about the Grand Challenges for Engineering, go to the following web address and watch the video provided at that site (6 minutes, 27 seconds):http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/
Name the seven kinds of fundamental topics that chemical engineers must learn about.
From your home or apartment, select one of each of the following kinds of items and, from the information on the label or container, write down all its “ingredients” (intermediate products):
Beginning with an idea for producing a chemical product, briefly describe various stages of development that might be used to make the product and provide it to the end user. Indicate how the various
Write a short essay (as defined previously) in which you describe an aspect of humanitarian engineering (as briefly introduced in Section 1.3.3) and explain why it has particular meaning to you
List common examples from everyday life for all of the following fundamental operations: fluid mechanics, heat transfer, evaporation or drying, and filtration.
View the video (29 minutes) entitled “Making the Connection – Careers for Chemical Engineers” (made by the Sloan Foundation for the AIChE) located at the following address:
The procedure for treating patients with insufficient kidney function is called "hemodialysis." This procedure typically takes place for approximately 4 hours, three times per week.The following
In the definition of a chemical process, what is the purpose of the equipment and conditions used in the process?
How does a continuous process differ from a batch process?
In 2007, a group of students and faculty from Brigham Young University developed and took to Tonga a process for using coconuts (available in plentiful supply) to produce biodiesel fuel and soap
What distinguishes a process as being steady-state?
Hydrogen gas is a valuable product, because it is used as a feedstock (starting material) for many chemical processes. A common way to produce high-purity hydrogen gas is by reaction of propane gas
How does a PFD differ from a block diagram?
In our example of making chemical C from A and B, we formulated an automated process (Fig. 2.2) to replace a laboratory scheme (Fig. 2.1). What equipment in the automated process replaced each of the
A common and important process is the manufacture of gelatin for food, pharmaceuticals, photographic film, and various technical applications. The chemistry is the simple hydration of collagen from
Of the seven steps suggested in this chapter for solving engineering problems,a. which steps involve thinking of new plans or ideas?b. which steps involve evaluating the plans or ideas?
Suggest another possible solution to the problem of dealing with the waste acid and discuss some possible advantages and disadvantages of your proposed solution.
In eliminating the possibility of contracting with an independent company to take the acid away, what assumptions were made?
Using a computer word processor of your choice, write a memo to your boss in which you communicate• That you received her memo assigning the problem to you• That you have met with your team to
In evaluating the possibility of an evaporation pond to take care of the acid, several technical variables were mentioned that would affect the feasibility of such a pond. Based on those variables
As an engineer working for a company that produces food products, you discover a byproduct from one of the company processes. The byproduct is mostly protein (it could be edible) and has the unusual
What two properties of the waste stream would need to be altered before the stream could be discharged to the lake?
On Dec. 2, 1984, in a Union Carbide chemical plant in Bhopal, India, 250 gallons of water were accidentally added to a tank containing 10,000 gallons of methyl isocyanate (MIC, a highly toxic
Why was it necessary to check the state limit on dissolved solids in waste streams in order to determine if the plan to neutralize the acid was a feasible one?
Do the following problem as teams (organized in class or outside of class, depending on your instructor's preference):Suppose that you work for a large power company. One of your company's holdings
What assumption provides the key motivation for using teams? Under what conditions do you think this assumption would prove to not be true?
Which role in Table 3.3 do you think that you would best play in a team? Table 3.3 Roles within a Team Structure Leader/Coordinator The leader is responsible for calling group meetings, handling or
After the team activity of Problem 6, answer the following individually:a. Describe the team interactions you observed as your team worked on Problem 6. Include an explanation of whether you
What benefit(s) can come from knowing the stages of team development (Table 3.1)? Table 3.1 1. Forming Stages of Team Development (adapted from ref. 1) Organization of the group, setting of rules and

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