A filter is a circuit designed to pass AC signals in some frequency range and to attenuate others. Common filters include low-pass filters, which allow low-frequency signals to pass but attenuate high frequencies; high-pass filters, which do the opposite; and band-pass filters, which pass a range of frequencies while attenuating signals with frequencies outside the band. Filters are widely used in electronics. Applications include tone and equalizer controls in audio equipment; filters to separate nearby frequencies at cell phone towers; and filters to eliminate unwanted electrical noise in biomedical instruments such as electrocardiographs. A simple design for an RC filter is shown in

The circuit of Fig. 28.27a. exhibits resonance at frequency ? = 1/RC.b. exhibits resonance at frequency ? = 1/?RC.c. produces an output voltage whose frequency differs from that of the input.d. produces an output voltage whose phase differs from that of the input.

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R ww Vout Vin FIGURE 28.27 An RC filter (Passage Problems 73–76)