Table 9.11 shows annual U.S. beer production (X), in millions of barrels, and the number of married people (Y), in millions. Draw a scatter diagram and estimate the equation Y = α + βX + ε by least squares to see if there is a statistically significant relationship at the 5 percent level. If so, do you think that beer drinking leads to marriage, marriage leads to drinking, or what?

Table 9.11

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1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 X 95 108 135 158 193 200 Y 84.4 89.2 95.0 99.7 104.6 107.5