The article “Victim’s Race Affects Killer’s Sentence, Study Finds” (New York Times, April 20, 2001) included the following information:

The table was based on a study of all homicide cases in North Carolina for the period 1993 to 1997 where it was possible that the person convicted of murder could receive the death penalty. Explain why it would not be necessary (or appropriate) to use a chi-square test to determine if there was an association between the defendant–victim race combination and whether or not the convicted murderer receive a death sentence for convicted murders in North Carolina during 1993 to 1997.

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Defendant's Race Not white White Not white White Victim's Race White White Not white Not white No Death Death Penalty 33 33 29 4 Penalty 251 508 587 76