The City of Dylan issues a 10-year bond payable of $1 million at face value on the first day of Year 1. Debt issuance costs of $10,000 are paid on that day. For government-wide financial statements, how is this debt issuance cost reported?

a. $1,000 is recorded as an expense and $9,000 is recorded as an asset.

b. $1,000 is recorded as an expense and $9,000 is recorded as a deferred outflow of resources.

c. $10,000 is recorded as an expense.

d. $10,000 is recorded as an asset.