On the basis of your answer to Exercise 11.4, speculate on one of the reasons why Religious Influence might be an important predictor of Optimism, while Religious Involvement is not.

Exercise 11.4

In Exercise 11.2 the column headed “Tolerance” (which you have not seen before) gives you 1 minus the squared multiple correlation of that predictor with all other predictors. What can you now say about the relationships among the set of predictors?

Exercise 11.2

Sethi and Seligman (1993) examined the relationship between optimism and religious conservatism by interviewing more than 600 subjects from a variety of religious organizations. We can regress Optimism on three variables dealing with religiosity. These are the influence of religion on their daily lives (Rel Inf), their involvement with religion (Rel Invol), and their degree of religious hope (belief in an after-life) (Rel Hope). The results are shown as SPSS printout.

Looking at the preceding printout,

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Model Summary Adjusted Std. Error of Model R R Square R Square the Estimate 321a .103 .099 3.0432 a Predictors: (Constant), relinvol, relinf, relhope ANOVAb Sum of Mean Model Squares df Square F Sig. Regression 634.240 3 211.413 22.828 .000a Residual 5519.754 596 9.261 Total 6153.993 599 a Predictors: (Constant), relinvol, relinf, relhope b Dependent Variable: optimism Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficents Standardized Coefficients Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig. I (Constant) -1.895 .512 -3.702 .000 relhope .428 .102 .199 4.183 .000 relinf .490 .107 .204 4.571 .000 relinvol -.079 .116 2.033 -.682 .495 a * Dependent Variable: optimism