(A) Using data from Table 16.5, calculate the pH of 1.0 M Na₂CO₃.

(B) Using data from Table 16.5, calculate the pH of 0.500 M Na₂SO₃.

Table 16.5

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TABLE 16.5 lonization Constants of Some Polyprotic Acids Acid lonization Equilibria Hydrosulfurica Carbonicb Citric Phosphoric Oxalic Sulfurous Sulfuricd H₂S + H₂O HS + H₂0 H₂CO3 + H₂O HCO3 + H₂0 H₂CH₂O7 + H₂0 H₂CH₂O + H₂0 HCHşO,2- + H,O − H₂PO4 + H₂0 H₂PO₂ + H₂O → HPO42- + H₂O = H₂C₂O4 + H₂0 HC₂04+H₂0 H₂SO3 + H₂O HSO3 + H₂0 H₂SO4+H₂O HSO4+H₂O → H₂O+ + HS- H₂O+ + S²- lonization Constants, K = 1.0 × 10-7 = 1 × 10-19 H₂O+ + HSO4- H₂O+ + SO4²- Kaz Ka₁ H₂0+ + HCO3- H₂O+ + CO3²- Kaz H3O+ + H₂CH₂O7 K₁₁ = 7.5 x 10-4 H3O+ + HC6H₂0,²-K₁₂ = 1.7 × 10-5 HO+ +C%HO, 3- H30+ + H₂PO4 H3O+ + HPO ²- H₂O+ + PO4³ 3- H30+ + HC₂04¯ H30++C₂04²- H3O+ + HSO3- H3O+ + SO3²- Kaz Ka₁ Kaz = 4.4 x 10-7 Kaj Kaz Kaz = 4.7 X 10-11 = 4.0 x 10-7 Kaş = 4.2 X 10-13 Ka₁ = 5.6 x 10-2 Kaz Kaj = 7.1 x 10-3 = 6.3 x 10-8 = 5.4 x 10-5 = 1.3 x 10-2 = 6.2 X 10-8 = very large = 1.1 x 10-2 pk pka pka₂ = 7.00 = 19.0 pkas pka₂ pk ₁₁ = 6.36 = 10.33 = 3.12 = 4.77 plaz PK₁3 = 6.40 pk₁₁ pKaz pKaz = 12.38 pka₁ = 1.25 pka₂ = 4.27 pk = 1.89 = 2.15 = 7.20 pk = 7.21 a₂ PK₁₁ <0 pKaz = 1.96 Acid strength