Liquid ethanol is a flammable fluid and can release vapors that form explosive mixtures at temperatures above its flashpoint at 16.6°C. In a chemical plant, liquid ethanol (c_p = 2.44 kJ/kg∙K, ρ = 789 kg/m3) is being transported in a pipe with an inside diameter of 5 cm. The pipe is located in a hot area with the presence of ignition source, where an estimated 20 kW of heat is added to the ethanol. Your task, as an engineer, is to design a pumping system to transport the ethanol safely and to prevent fire hazard. If the inlet temperature of the ethanol is 10°C, determine the volume flow rate that is necessary to keep the temperature of the ethanol in the pipe below its flashpoint.

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Liquid ethanol Tin = 10°C ✓✓✓✓Q=20 kW Tout