The bottom of a copper pan, (200 mathrm{~mm}) in diameter, is maintained at (113^{circ} mathrm{C}) by the

Question:

The bottom of a copper pan, $200 \mathrm{~mm}$ in diameter, is maintained at $113^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ by the heating element of an electric range. Estimate the power required to boil the water in this pan. Determine the evaporation rate. What is the ratio of the surface heat flux to the critical heat flux? What pan temperature is required to achieve the critical heat flux?

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