Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals And Applications 4th Edition Yunus Cengel, John Cimbala - Solutions

Water is heated from \(2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(78^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) at a constant pressure of \(100 \mathrm{kPa}\). The initial density of water is \(1000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\) and
How does open-channel flow differ from internal flow?
Water at \(18^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flows at a depth of \(24 \mathrm{~cm}\) with an average velocity of \(4.3 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) in a wide rectangular channel. Determine (a) the Froude number,
During a hydraulic jump in a wide channel, the flow depth increases from 1.1 to \(3.3 \mathrm{~m}\). Determine the velocities and Froude numbers before and after the jump, and the energy dissipation
Consider gradually varied flow of water in a \(6-\mathrm{m}\) wide rectangular channel with a flow rate of \(8.5 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{s}\) and a Manning coefficient of 0.008 . The slope of the
Consider water flow through a wide channel at a flow depth of \(2.5 \mathrm{~m}\). Now water flows through a sluice gate with a \(0.3-\mathrm{m}\)-high opening, and the freely discharged outflow
A sharp-crested triangular weir with a notch angle of \(80^{\circ}\) is used to measure the discharge rate of water from a large lake into a spillway. If a weir with half the notch angle
A rectangular channel with unfinished concrete surfaces is to be built to discharge water uniformly at a rate of \(8.5 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{s}\). For the case of best cross section, determine
The flow rate of water in a 3-m-wide horizontal open channel is being measured with a 0.25 -m-high sharp-crested rectangular weir of equal width. If the water depth upstream is \(0.9 \mathrm{~m}\),
Len is asked to design a small water pump for an aquarium. The pump should deliver \(18.0 \mathrm{Lpm}\) of water at a net head of \(1.6 \mathrm{~m}\) at its best efficiency point. A motor that spins
This problem is useful for the preliminary design of a hydroturbine. From the material learned in this chapter, it is fairly simple to estimate how much power a hydroturbine can generate, given only
A hydroturbine is proposed for a dam with an estimated gross head of \(20.5 \mathrm{~m}\) and a flow rate of \(4.52 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{s}\). The generator is to turn at \(120 \mathrm{rpm}\).
Air at \(55 \mathrm{kPa},-7^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), and a Mach number of 2.0 is forced to turn upward by a ramp that makes an \(8^{\circ}\) angle off the flow direction. As a result, a weak oblique
Air is heated as it flows through a \(10 \mathrm{~cm} \times 10 \mathrm{~cm}\) square duct with negligible friction. At the inlet, air is at \(T_{1}=\) \(400 \mathrm{~K}, P_{1}=550 \mathrm{kPa}\),
Air flows with negligible friction through a \(10-\mathrm{cm}\)-diameter duct at a rate of \(2.3 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}\). The temperature and pressure at the inlet are \(T_{1}=450 \mathrm{~K}\)
Air enters a rectangular duct at \(T_{1}=285 \mathrm{~K}, P_{1}=\) \(390 \mathrm{kPa}\), and \(\mathrm{Ma}_{1}=2\). Heat is transferred to the air in the amount of \(55 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}\)
Air flowing at \(40 \mathrm{kPa}, 265 \mathrm{~K}\), and \(\mathrm{Ma}_{1}=2.0\) is forced to undergo a compression turn of \(15^{\circ}\). Determine the Mach number, pressure, and temperature of the
Air enters a 5.5-cm-diameter adiabatic duct with inlet conditions of \(\mathrm{Ma}_{1}=2.2, T_{1}=250 \mathrm{~K}\), and \(P_{1}=60 \mathrm{kPa}\), and exits at a Mach number of
Helium expands in a nozzle from \(0.8 \mathrm{MPa}, 500 \mathrm{~K}\), and negligible velocity to \(0.1 \mathrm{MPa}\). Calculate the throat and exit areas for a mass flow rate of \(0.34 \mathrm{~kg}
Consider creeping flow of a sphere of diameter \(D\) moving through a fluid at speed \(V\). We gave an expression for drag force, \(F_{D}=3 \pi \mu V D\). The drag coefficient \(C_{D}\) over
The output power \(\dot{W}\) of a spinning shaft is a function of torque \(T\) and angular velocity \(\omega\). Use dimensional analysis to express the relationship between \(\dot{W}, T\), and
Consider a boundary layer growing along a thin flat plate. This problem involves the following parameters: boundary layer thickness \(\delta\), downstream distance \(x\), freestream velocity \(V\),
The generalized Bernoulli equation for unsteady flows can be expressed as\[ \frac{P_{1}}{ho g}+z_{1}=\frac{V^{2}}{2 g}+\frac{1}{g} \int_{1}^{2} \frac{\partial V}{\partial t} d s+h_{L} \]If the valve
Water at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flows by gravity from a large reservoir at a high elevation to a smaller one through a 35-m-long, 5-cm-diameter cast iron piping system that includes four standard
A farmer is to pump water at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) from a river to a water storage tank nearby using a \(40-\mathrm{m}\)-long, 12-cm-diameter plastic pipe with three flanged \(90^{\circ}\) smooth
A 15-L kerosene tank \(\left(ho=820 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\right)\) is filled with a 2 - \(\mathrm{cm}\)-diameter hose equipped with a \(1.5-\mathrm{cm}\)-diameter nozzle meter. If it takes
Find the total volume flow rate leaving a tank through a slot having rectangular cross section \(a \times b\) as a function of the given parameters.FIGURE P8-150 Water h a b Front view
It is a well-known fact that Roman aqueduct customers obtained extra water by attaching a diffuser to their pipe exits. The figure shows a simulation with a smooth inlet pipe, with and without a
In a piping system, what is used to control the flow rate?(a) Pipe(b) Valve(c) Fitting(d) Pump(e) Elbow
The Reynolds number can be viewed as the ratio of(a) Drag force/Dynamic force(b) Buoyancy force/Viscous force(c) Wall friction force/Viscous force(d) Inertial force/Gravitational force(e) Inertial
Water at \(10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flows in a 3-cm-diameter pipe at a velocity of \(1.25 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The Reynolds number for this flow is(a) 19,770(b) 23,520(c) 28,680(d) 32,940(e)
Air at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flows in a 3-cm-diameter tube. The maximum velocity of air to keep the flow laminar is(a) \(0.87 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)(b) \(0.95
Water at \(10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flows in a \(1.2-\mathrm{cm}\)-diameter pipe at a rate of \(1.33 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}\). The hydrodynamic entry length is(a) \(0.60 \mathrm{~m}\)(b) \(0.94
Engine oil at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flows in a 15 -cm-diameter pipe at a rate of \(800 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}\). The friction factor for this flow is(a) 0.746(b) 0.533(c) 0.115(d) 0.0826(e)
Engine oil at \(40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(ho=876 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}, \mu=0.2177 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{s}\right)\) flows in a \(20-\mathrm{cm}\)-diameter pipe at a
Air at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flows in a 4-cm-diameter glass pipe at a velocity of \(7 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The friction factor for this flow is(a) 0.0266(b)
Hot combustion gases approximated as air at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(350^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flow in a \(16-\mathrm{cm}\)-diameter steel pipe at a velocity of \(3.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The
Air at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is to be transported in a \(60-\mathrm{m}\)-long circular steel duct at a rate of \(5100 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}\). The roughness of the
A room is to be ventilated using a centrifugal fan, mounted as shown in the figure. The fan discharge pipe has a cross-sectional area of \(150 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\) while the ventilating duct
A water jet strikes a moving plate at velocity \(V_{\text {jet }}=10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) as the plate moves at a velocity of \(U=2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), as shown in the figure.(a)
Water flows at mass flow rate \(\dot{m}\) through a \(90^{\circ}\) vertically oriented elbow of elbow radius \(R\) (to the centerline) and inner pipe diameter \(D\) as sketched. The outlet is exposed
A cart with frictionless wheels and a large tank shoots water at a deflector plate, turning it by angle \(\theta\) as sketched. The cart tries to move to the left, but a cable prevents it from doing
Consider the flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid between two parallel plates that are \(4 \mathrm{~mm}\) apart. If the upper plate moves to right with \(u_{1}=5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) while
A desktop computer is to be cooled by a fan whose flow rate is \(0.30 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{min}\). Determine the mass flow rate of air through the fan at an elevation of \(3400 \mathrm{~m}\)
Air is flowing through a venturi meter whose diameter is \(6.6 \mathrm{~cm}\) at the entrance part (location 1) and \(4.6 \mathrm{~cm}\) at the throat (location 2). The gage pressure is measured to
The water level in a tank is \(20 \mathrm{~m}\) above the ground. A hose is connected to the bottom of the tank, and the nozzle at the end of the hose is pointed straight up. The tank cover is
What is the minimum diameter at section (1) to avoid cavitation at that point? Take \(D_{2}=15 \mathrm{~cm}\).FIGURE P5-59 Water 5 m (1) (2)
The air in a 5-m \(\times 5-\mathrm{m} \times 3-\mathrm{m}\) hospital room is to be completely replaced by conditioned air every \(15 \mathrm{~min}\). If the average air velocity in the circular air
What is a steady-flow process?
What is the difference between pound-mass and pound-force?
Solve Prob. 1-24 using appropriate software. Print out the entire solution, including the numerical results with proper units.Data From Problem 1-24:A 10-kg rock is thrown upward with a force of
Solve this system of two equations with two unknowns using appropriate software:\[ \begin{aligned} x^{3}-y^{2} & =10.5 \\ 3 x y+y & =4.6 \end{aligned} \]
Determine a positive real root of this equation using appropriate software:\[ 3.5 x^{3}-10 x^{0.5}-3 x=-4 \]
Solve this system of three equations with three unknowns using appropriate software:\[ \begin{array}{r} x^{2} y-z=1.5 \\ x-3 y^{0.5}+x z=-2 \\ x+y-z=4.2 \end{array} \]
One \(\mathrm{J} / \mathrm{kg}\) is equal to(a) \(1 \mathrm{kPa} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{3}\)(b) \(1 \mathrm{kN} \cdot \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{kg}\)(c) \(0.001 \mathrm{~kJ}\)(d) \(1 \mathrm{~N} \cdot
The weight of a 1-1bm mass is(a) \(1 \mathrm{lbm} \cdot \mathrm{ft} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\)(b) \(9.81 \mathrm{lbf}\)(c) \(9.81 \mathrm{~N}\)(d) \(32.2 \mathrm{lbf}\)(e) \(1 \mathrm{lbf}\)
A 75-L container is filled with \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of air at a temperature of \(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is the pressure in the container?
A mass of \(0.5-\mathrm{kg}\) of argon is maintained at \(1400 \mathrm{kPa}\) and \(40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) in a tank. What is the volume of the tank?
The air in an automobile tire with a volume of \(0.015 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) is at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(140 \mathrm{kPa}\) (gage). Determine the amount of air that must be added to raise the
A cylindrical tank of methanol has a mass of \(60 \mathrm{~kg}\) and a volume of \(75 \mathrm{~L}\). Determine the methanol's weight, density, and specific gravity. Take the gravitational
Ignoring any losses, estimate how much energy is required to raise the temperature of water in a 190-L hotwater tank from \(150^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(55^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).
In some damping systems, a circular disk immersed in oil is used as a damper, as shown in Fig. P2-125. Show that the damping torque is proportional to angular speed in accordance with the relation
A \(0.08-\mathrm{m}^{3}\) rigid tank contains air at 3 bar and \(127^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The mass of the air in the tank is(a) \(0.209 \mathrm{~kg}\)(b) \(20,900 \mathrm{~atm}\)(c) \(21
The viscosity of liquids and the viscosity of gases \( \qquad \)(a) Increases, increases(b) Increases, decreases(c) Decreases, increases(d) Decreases, decreases(e) Decreases, remains the same
A diver's watch resists an absolute pressure of 5.5 bar. At an ocean having density of \(1025 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\) and exposing an atmospheric pressure of \(1 \mathrm{bar}\), what depth
There is water at a height of \(1 \mathrm{~m}\) in the tube open to the atmosphere \(\left(P_{\mathrm{atm}}=100 \mathrm{kPa}\right)\) connected to a tank with two sections.(a) Find the pressure
A simple experiment has long been used to demonstrate how negative pressure prevents water from being spilled out of an inverted glass. A glass that is fully filled by water and covered with a thin
On a day in which the local atmospheric pressure is \(99.5 \mathrm{kPa}\), answer each of the following:(a) Calculate the column height of mercury in a mercury barometer in units of meters, feet, and
A triangular-shaped gate is hinged at point \(A\), as shown. Knowing that the weight of the gate is \(100 \mathrm{~N}\), determine the force needed to keep the gate at its position for unit width.
Find the force applied by support \(B C\) to the gate \(A B\). The width of the gate and support is \(3 \mathrm{~m}\) and the weight of the gate is \(1500 \mathrm{~N}\). F= ? 5 m 4 m a=50 FIGURE
A concrete block is attached to the gate as shown. If the water level is \(1.3 \mathrm{~m}\) from the bottom of the container, there is no reaction force at \(A\). What would be the reaction force
Which is of the highest value?(a) 1 bar(b) \(10^{5} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\)(c) \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\)(d) \(100 \mathrm{kPa}\)(e) None of these
The pressure in seawater where a submarine is sailing is measured to be \(1300 \mathrm{kPa}\). The submarine is in a water depth of (Take the density of water to be \(1000 \mathrm{~kg} /
Consider a hydraulic car jack with a piston area ratio of 50. A person can lift a 1000-kg car by applying a force of(a) \(100 \mathrm{kgf}\)(b) \(10 \mathrm{kgf}\)(c) \(50 \mathrm{kgf}\)(d) \(20
A rectangular channel is \(4.0 \mathrm{~m}\) wide and \(7.0 \mathrm{~m}\) deep, but it is filled with water up to only \(6.0 \mathrm{~m}\) from the bottom. The channel walls are made of corrugated
Consider the same rectangular channel as in the previous problem \((4.0 \mathrm{~m}\) wide, filled with water to \(6.0 \mathrm{~m}\), and walls of corrugated metal). If the slope is \(0.65^{\circ}\),
Which car is more likely to be more fuel-efficient: one with sharp corners or one that is contoured to resemble an ellipse? Why?
A steady, two-dimensional velocity field in the \(x y\)-plane is given by \(\vec{V}=(a+b x) \vec{i}+(c+d y) \vec{j}+0 \vec{k}\).(a) What are the primary dimensions ( \(m, L, t, T, \ldots\) ) of
A velocity field is given by \(u=5 y^{2}, v=3 x, w=0\). (Do not concern yourself with units in this problem.)(a) Is this flow steady or unsteady? Is it two- or threedimensional?(b) At \((x, y,
A steady, incompressible, two-dimensional velocity field is given by\[ \vec{V}=(u, v)=(2.5-1.6 x) \vec{i}+(0.7+1.6 y) \vec{j} \]where the \(x\) - and \(y\)-coordinates are in meters and the
Air at \(98 \mathrm{kPa}\) and \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flows in a horizontal duct of variable cross section. The water column in the manometer that measures the difference between two sections has
Consider a spherical tank containing compressed air. It is known from the elementary compressible theory that if a hole is opened on the tank, the compressed air will leave the tank at a mass flow
A tank with openings 1,2 , and 3 is moving to left at a speed of \(25 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\). Knowing that \(D_{1}=D_{2}=20 \mathrm{~cm}\) and \(D_{3}=10 \mathrm{~cm}\), find the volume flow
Two dimensionally identical containers are connected to each other by a pipe with a diameter of \(3 \mathrm{~cm}\). Container \(A\) initially contains water but container \(B\) is empty. The
A circular thin plate is placed on the top of a tube, as shown in the figure.(a) Find the exit velocity from the gap.(b) Find the velocity and pressure distributions in the gap between plate and
A diffuser in a pipe flow is basically a slow expansion of the pipe diameter, which slows down the fluid velocity and increases the pressure (the Bernoulli effect). Water at room temperature flows
Water flows in a 10-cm-diameter pipe at a velocity of \(0.75 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The mass flow rate of water in the pipe is(a) \(353 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{min}\)(b) \(209 \mathrm{~kg} /
Water flows in a 3-cm-diameter pipe at a velocity of \(0.55 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The volume flow rate of water in the pipe is(a) \(23.3 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}\)(b) \(0.39 \mathrm{~L} /
Cold water at a rate of \(25 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}\) is mixed with hot water at \(40 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}\) in a continuous manner in a mixing chamber. The rate of water output from the
Air enters a steady-flow compressor at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) at a rate of \(0.35 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{s}\) and leaves at a rate of \(0.12 \mathrm{~m}^{3} /
Water enters a motor-pump unit at a pressure of \(95 \mathrm{kPa}\) at a rate of \(115 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{min}\). If the motor consumes \(0.8 \mathrm{~kW}\) of electricity, the maximum water
Which one is not an assumption involved with the Bernoulli equation?(a) No elevation change(b) Incompressible flow(c) Steady flow(d) No shaft work(e) No friction
Consider Table 2-1 in the textbook, which lists the specific gravities of various substances.(a) Explain the difference between specific gravity and specific weight. Which one (if any) is
Use the coefficient of volume expansion to estimate the density of water as it is heated from \(60^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) to \(130^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\). Compare your result with
When modeling fluid flows with small changes in temperature and pressure, the Boussinesq approximation is often used in which the fluid density is assumed to vary linearly with changes in
The rotating parts of a hydroelectric power plant having power capacity \(\dot{W}\) have a rotational synchronous speed \(\dot{n}\). The weight of the rotating parts (the hydroturbine and its
The viscosity of some fluids changes when a strong electric field is applied on them. This phenomenon is known as the electrorheological (ER) effect, and fluids that exhibit such behavior are known
The viscosity of some fluids, called magnetorheological (MR) fluids, changes when a magnetic field is applied.Such fluids involve micron-sized magnetizable particles suspended in an appropriate
Some non-Newtonian fluids behave as a Bingham plastic for which shear stress can be expressed as \(\tau=\tau_{y}+\) \(\mu(d u / d r)\). For laminar flow of a Bingham plastic in a horizontal pipe of
Oil of viscosity \(\mu=0.0357 \mathrm{~Pa} \cdot \mathrm{s}\) and density \(ho=\) \(0.796 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\) is sandwiched in the small gap between two very large parallel flat plates. A

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Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals And Applications 4th Edition Yunus Cengel, John Cimbala - Solutions

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