Question: 9.29 Let us define S 2 = n i=1 (Xi X )2/n. Show that E(S 2) = [(n 1)/n]2 , and hence S

9.29 Let us define S

2 =

n i=1

(Xi − ¯X )2/n. Show that E(S

2) = [(n − 1)/n]σ2 , and hence S

2 is a biased estimator for σ2 .

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