At December 31, 2022, Volkan AG has outstanding non-cancelable purchase commitments for 40,000 gallons, at €3.00 per gallon, of raw material to be used in its manufacturing process. The company prices its raw material inventory at lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value.

Instructions

a. Assuming that the market price as of December 31, 2022, is €3.30, how would this matter be treated in the accounts and statements? Explain.

b. Assuming that the market price as of December 31, 2022, is €2.70 instead of €3.30, how would you treat this situation in the accounts and statements?

c. Give the entry in January 2023, when the 40,000-gallon shipment is received, assuming that the situation given in (b) above existed at December 31, 2022, and that the market price in January 2023 is €2.70 per gallon. Give an explanation of your treatment.