Use Table 1.1 to find three countries that have gone from being mostly closed to being open from 1980 to 2009. Also, find three countries where the reverse has happened.

What has been the implication for growth, if any?

2009 Population Area (millions) (1,000s sq. km.) (S) Estimate 2000-2009 2009 PPP Avg. Yearly % Growth 1980 2009 Exports 2009 Imports 2009 (millions of $) Low-Income Economles Burundi 8.0 28 150 390 Malawi 15.0 118 280 760 22 0.2 9.0 4.9 65 410 2.1 25.0 19.3 960 1,600 Ethiopia 83.0 1,104 330 930 5.9 11.0 5.2 1,490 7,310 Niger 15.0 1,267 340 660 0.8 25.0 16.7 900 1,550 Sierra Leone 6.0 72 3401 790 6.2 18.0 10.6 205 505 Guinea 10.6 246 370 940 0.5 n.a. 23.9 980 1,400 Madagascar 20.0 587 420 1,050 1.1 13.0 12.7 1,150 2,900 Mozambique 23.0 802 440 880 5.4 11.0 19.9 1,950 3,750 Nepal 29.0 147 440 1,180 1.7 12.0 5.4 680 3,550 Togo 7.0 57 440 850 -0.1 51.0 27.3 780 1,400 Central African Republic 4.0 623 450 750 -1 25.0 5.5 110 300 Rwanda 10.0 26 460 1,060 4.3 14.0 4.0 205 1,750 Uganda 33.0 241 460 1,190 4.3 19.0 22.6 3,560 4,410 Tanzania 44.0 945 500 1,350 4 .. 13.7 2,970 6,347 Burkina Faso 16.7 274 510 1,170 2.1 10.0 9.8 800 1,900 Bangladesh 159.0 144 590 1,580 4.3 4.0 16.9 15,081 21,833 Chad 11.0 1,284 610 1,230 7.2 17.0 40.4 2,700 2,100 Mall 13.0 1,240 680 1,190 2.9 15.0 23.3 2,100 2,600 Ghana 24.8 239 700 1,480 3.4 8.0 35.4 5,530 8,140 Benin 9.0 113 750 1,510 0.7 23.0 15.0 1,000 1,800 Kenya 40.0 580 770 1,570 1.8 28.0 14.4 4,335 9,670 Mauritania 3.0 1,026 960 1,960 2.1 37.0 44.9 1,360 1,410 Group Average 500 1,112 2.7 18.8 17.8 2,223 3,938 Middle-Income Economies Pakistan 170.0 796 1,020 2,710 3 12.0 10.6 17,695 31,720 Senegal 13.0 197 1,030 1,790 1.6 27.0 16.7 2,180 5,210 Cte d'Ivoire 21.0 322 1,060 1,640 -1.4 35.0 40.4 9,300 6,500 Nigeria 155.0 924 1,140 1,980 4 29.0 31.1 52,500 3,900 Cameroon 20.0 475 1,170 2,200 1.1 28.0 14.2 3,100 3,800 India 1,155.0 3,288 1,180 3,260 6.4 6.0 11.8 155,249 243,636 Papua New Guinea 7.0 463 1,180 2,270 0.9 43.0 57.4 4,530 3,480 Bolivia 10.0 1,099 1,620 4,260 2.2 25.0 28.0 4,850 4,410 Philippines 92.0 300 1,790 3,540 3 24.0 23.9 38,335 45,802 Honduras 7.0 112 1,820 3,730 2.9 36.0 35.8 5,235 7,830 Congo, Rep. 4.0 342 1,830 2,940 1.7 60.0 65.6 5,700 2,700 Sri Lanka 20.0 66 1,990 4,720 4.6 32.0 17.5 7,360 9,883 Egypt 82.0 1,001 2,070 5,690 3 31.0 11.2 21,150 44,946 Indonesia 230.0 1,905 2,230 4,060 4 34.0 22.2 119,776 91,720 Paraguay 6.0 407 2,270 4,430 1.5 15.0 21.3 3,191 6,940 Guatemala 14.0 109 2,620 4,590 1.3 22.0 20.0 7,360 11,521 Morocco 32.0 447 2,790 4,450 38 17.0 15.2 13,848 32,804 El Salvador 6.0 21 3,370 6,360 2.2 34.0 17.1 3,797 7,255 China 1,336.0 9,597 3,590 6,770 10.3 6.0 24.1 1,201,534 1,005,688 Tunisia 10.0 164 3,720 7,820 3.9 Jordan 6.0 89 3,740 5,840 4.7 40.0 40.0 36.5 27.9 14,449 19,100 Thailand 68.0 513 3,760 7,640 3.7 24.0 57.8 6,366 152,498 133,801 14,075 Ecuador 15.0 284 3,920 8,040 3.9 25.0 24.0 Peru 29.0 1,285 4,150 8,140 4.7 22.0 21.2 13,724 26,885 21,706 15,093 Algeria 35.0 2,382 4,420 8,130 2.5 34.0 31.1 43,689 39,103 Dominican Republic 10.0 49 4,510 8,100 4 19.0 11.7 5,460 12,230