1. The NIU Chapter invited nonmember sorority women to participate in the hazing event by filling the pledges’ cups with vodka and directing them to drink it. Did these women owe a duty of care to the pledges? Discuss.

2. Suppose that the pledges’ attendance at the hazing event had been optional, and the NIU Chapter had furnished alcohol, but not required its consumption. Would the result have been different? Explain.