Refer to Box 12.3. Suppose that you are given an elevation raster. How can you prepare a raster showing mean relief energy within a circle of 2.5 kilometers?

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Box 12.3 More Examples of Neighborhood Operations Although Ithough most neighborhood operations for ter- rain analysis use a 3-by-3 neighborhood, there are ex- ceptions. For example, a regression model developed by Begueria and Vicente-Serrano (2006) for predicting precipitation in a climatically complex area use the following spatial variables, each to be derived from a neighborhood operation: Mean elevation within a circle of 2.5 kilometers and 25 kilometers • Mean slope within a circle of 2.5 kilometers and 25 kilometers • Mean relief energy within a circle of 2.5 kilometers and 25 kilometers (maximum elevation - elevation at the focal cell) • Barrier effect to the four cardinal directions (maximum elevation within a wedge of radius of 2.5/25 kilometers and mean direction north/ south/west/east- elevation at the focal cell)