For each of the following, either construct a formal proof of validity or prove invalidity by means

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For each of the following, either construct a formal proof of validity or prove invalidity by means of the STTT. In each case, use the notation in parentheses.


If God were willing to prevent evil, but unable to do so, he would be impotent; if he were able to prevent evil, but unwilling to do so, he would be malevolent. Evil can exist only if God is either unwilling or unable to prevent it. There is evil. If God exists, he is neither impotent nor malevolent. Therefore God does not exist. (W, A, I, M, E, G)

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Introduction To Logic

ISBN: 9781138500860

15th Edition

Authors: Irving M. Copi, Carl Cohen, Victor Rodych

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