For each of the following, either construct a formal proof of validity or prove invalidity by means of the STTT. In each case, use the notation in parentheses.

If Salome is intelligent and studies hard, then she will get good grades and pass her courses. If Salome studies hard but lacks intelligence, then her efforts will be appreciated; and if her efforts are appreciated, then she will pass her courses. If Salome is intelligent, then she studies hard. Therefore Salome will pass her courses. (I, S, G, P, A)