For the following, assume that Plants A and B have the following marginal costs for reducing emissions:

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For the following, assume that Plants A and B have the following marginal costs for reducing emissions:

Number of units reduced 12345 2 Marginal costs for Plant A $3 $5 $7 $9 $11 Marginal costs for Plant B $1 $2


(a) The government tells both plants to reduce three units of output. How much does this “conventional” regulation cost each plant? What is the total cost?

(b) The government implements a carbon tax of $5 per unit. How much does each plant reduce? What is the total cost?

(c) Which approach is cheaper? Why is the cheaper approach cheaper?

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