If it happens that the square root in Equation 7.33 vanishes, then E¹₊ = E¹_-; the degeneracy is not lifted at first order. In this case, diagonalizing the W matrix puts no restriction on α and β and you still don’t know what the “good” states are. If you need to determine the “good” states— for example to calculate higher-order corrections—you need to use second-order degenerate perturbation theory.
(a) Show that, for the two-fold degeneracy studied in Section 7.2.1, the first-order correction to the wave function in degenerate perturbation theory is

(b) Consider the terms of order λ² (corresponding to Equation 7.8 in the nondegenerate case) to show that α and β are determined by finding the eigenvectors of the matrix W² (the superscript denotes second order, not W squared) where

and that the eigenvalues of this matrix correspond to the second-order energies E².
(c) Show that second-order degenerate perturbation theory, developed in (b), gives the correct energies to second order for the three-state Hamiltonian in Problem 7.39.

Transcribed Image Text:

ψ = Σ m#ab a Vma + BVmb E® – Eg - -3⁰