Student researchers at Hope College conducted an experiment to determine whether students memorize material better if they are taking notes on paper using handwriting as opposed to taking notes on a computer. They randomly assigned 20 students to the paper-based note-taking group and 20 students to the computer-based note-taking group. They showed all their subjects a 12-minute video about the sun and they were allowed to take notes in the method they were assigned. After the video was over, the notes were collected, and the students were given a 10-question quiz over information about the sun given in the video. Do students tend to memorize better using hand-written notes? (The results are in the file NoteTaking.) 

a. Identify the explanatory and response variable and classify each as categorical or quantitative. 

b. Is this an observational study or a randomized experiment? Explain. 

c. State the hypotheses either in words or using appropriate symbols. 

d. Put the data in the Multiple Means applet and give the two sample means. 

e. Find an approximate p-value. 

f. State your conclusion in the context of the research question. Be sure to address the issues of causation and generalizability as well.