Student researchers tested to see whether listening to music would interfere with a person’s ability to memorize words. Their subjects were randomly assigned to either listen to music or not. They were then shown 40 five-letter words for 90 seconds. The words were taken away and they were asked to write down as many words as they could remember. Their results can be found in the file WordsMemorized. Does listening to music tend to hinder people’s abilities to memorize words? 

a. Identify the explanatory and response variable and classify each as categorical or quantitative. 

b. Is this an observational study or a randomized experiment? Explain. 

c. State the hypotheses either in words or using appropriate symbols.

d. Put the data in the Multiple Means applet and give the two sample means. 

e. Find an approximate p-value. 

f. State your conclusion in the context of the research question. Be sure to address the issues of causation and generalizability as well.