Wrongful birth, wrongful life, and wrongful conception have led to a variety of lawsuits.

■■ Wrongful birth actions claim that, but for breach of duty by the defendant, a child would not have been born.

■■ Wrongful life suits are those in which a parent or child claims to have suffered harm as a result of being born. They are generally unsuccessful.

■■ Wrongful conception actions claim that damages were sustained by parents of an unexpected child based on the allegation that the child’s conception was the result of negligent sterilization procedures or a defective contraceptive device.