Bells ring because they have a low loss (or damping) coefficient, \(\eta\); a high damping gives a dead sound. Use the Loss coefficient-Modulus \((\eta-E)\) chart of Fig. 3.9 to identify material that should make good bells.

Fig. 3.9

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Loss coefficient, 17, at 30C 10 10 Neoprene Butyl rubber Elastomers Silicone Isoprene elastomers E = 0.04 GPa 10-1 Flexible polymer foams Foams 10-3 10-4 10-5 MFA 15 10-3 Polyurethane EVA Leather lonomers PTFE Cork Rigid polymer foams 10-2 10-1 Loss coefficient - modulus Polymers PE ABS Epoxies Wood Lead alloys PMMA PET Nontechnical ceramics Stone GFRP Concrete Brick Mg alloys Metals Ti alloys CFRP Cast irons Steels Composites Zinc alloys Al alloys Technical ceramics Cu alloys W alloys AlO3 WC Sic Soda glass Silica glass. SigNa 10 100 1000 Young's modulus, E (GPa)