Richards (2006) reported data from a study by the American Prospect on the genders of op-ed writers who addressed the topic of abortion in the New York Times. Over a 2-year period, the American Prospect counted 124 articles that discussed abortion (from a wide range of political and ideological perspectives). Of these, just 21 were written by women. 

a. How many variables are there in this study? What are the levels of any variable you identified? 

b. Which hypothesis test would be used to analyze these data? Justify your answer. 

c. Conduct the six steps of hypothesis testing for this example. 

d. Report the statistics as you would in a journal article.