In a random sample of males, it was found that 23 write with their left hands and 217 do not. In a random sample of females, it was found that 65 write with their left hands and 455 do not (based on data from “The Left-Handed: Their Sinister History,” by Elaine Fowler Costas, Education Resources Information Center, Paper 399519). We want to use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the rate of left-handedness among males is less than that among females.

a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.
b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.
c. Based on the results, is the rate of left-handedness among males less than the rate of left-handedness among females?

Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.